Of Mice and Men Essay on Loneliness - 1318 Words

Honors English 9 10 March 2014 Of Mice and Men Literary Analysis Essay on Loneliness â€Å"Actually, feeling lonely has little to do with how many friends you have. It s the way you feel inside. Some people who feel lonely may rarely interact with people and others who are surrounded by people but don t feel connected† (Karyn Hall 2013). Truthfully, loneliness is something almost all people fear. It s a deeper feeling then just being isolated. It s feeling distant or disconnected from others. Loneliness is so much more than just feeling secluded, it s feeling rejected by society, or even like an outcast. In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck suggests that there is a deeper meaning to being lonely than just the superficial sense of†¦show more content†¦He tells George that he does not have any relatives, so he would be able to give all of his money to him and Lennie. That is if they let him in on their dream to buy their own house. This shows just how bad Candy wants to get out of that ranch and that h e will do anything to not be lonely. Loneliness is shown through Candy because he feels like he does not belong and because he has no other friends except his dog, so he feels secluded from the others. An additional character who portrays loneliness throughout the book is Curley s Wife. She feels lonely and isolated because nobody wants to be around her in fear of Curley seeing them with her, so she thinks that she has no one to talk to; this leads to a deep, fathomless feeling of loneliness. When she finally does find someone she can talk to, she mainly talks about how she hates the ranch because nobody ever talks to her. Another favorite topic of hers is to talk about how lonely she is all of the time. â€Å"—Sat day night. Ever body out doin som pin. Ever body! An what am I doin ? Standin here talkin to a bunch of bindle stiffs—a nigger an a dum-dum and a lousy ol sheep—an likin it because they ain t nobody else† (Steinbeck 78). This is the par t of the novella when the reader stops thinking of Curley s Wife as a â€Å"tart† (Steinbeck 28) who â€Å"gives the eye† (Steinbeck 28) to every man she sees; rather,Show MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men Loneliness Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay: ‘Soledad’ means loneliness. Why is this relevant in ‘Of Mice and Men’? The relevance of ‘Of Mice and Men’ being set in the town of Soledad comes from the parallels drawn between the meaning of the name ‘Soledad’ and the deeper sense of loneliness expressed through the characters of the novella. The symbolism of the loneliness that is associated with the town of Soledad establishes an underlying sense of loneliness in all characters. The author uses a variety of techniquesRead MoreOf Mice Men Loneliness Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Of Mice and Men Loneliness Essay Loneliness is an impossible fact of life that nobody can avoid especially during the Great Depression. In the novel, Of Mice and Men, a novella by John Steinbeck shows that in the early 1930s – during the Great Depression – was a period of great loneliness of men and women, therefore people are driven to find friendship in order to escape the loneliness. But barely anyone find the right companionship while a lot of them were still lonely even if they found theirRead More Of Mice And Men Essay On Loneliness1267 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck looks at the theme of loneliness as it affects many characters on the ranch. Crooks, Curleys wife, and Candy are the most excluded characters on the ranch, because they all have dreams that they will not be able to live out and they all are at loss when it came to companionship. Crooks is lonely because he is the only black man on the ranch. Since this book is set during the Depression, Jim Crow laws are still in effect, whites and blacks had separateRead MoreOf Mice And Men Loneliness Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Loneliness â€Å"I think cruelty is loneliness disguised in bitterness† (Thomas W. Hiddleston). This quote expounds how the lack of company and friends can potentially lead you down a path of heartlessness, and despair. In the story Of Mice and Men, you follow the duo George and Lennie in their quest to achieve the American dream. John Steinbeck utilizes his story Of Mice and Men to show how the loneliness of the characters leads to their cruel actions, he exposes this through the charactersRead More Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay2202 Words   |  9 PagesLoneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men       Mother Theresa once said, Loneliness is a mans worst poverty. Without friends and companions, people begin to suffer from loneliness and solitude (Dusenbury 38). Loneliness is an inevitable fact of life and cannot be avoided, as shown prevalent through each of the characters in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men. Each and every character in this novel exhibits loneliness. Lennie was isolated for being mentally handicapped, Candy was isolatedRead MoreOf Mice and Men - Theme of Loneliness Essay609 Words   |  3 PagesOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is book of many themes; one that is very prominent is loneliness. Loneliness is common in many peoples lives and that is also true for the lives of the characters of the book. Almost all characters in the book are lonely in one way or the other. The main characters of the book are George and Lennie. Even though these two seem to have each other, they are both lonesome in a way. Lennies mental retardation isolates him from many people. George is the only personRead More Loneliness in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesPersonally I believe that this statement is true in every aspect. Loneliness is a big part of the book Of mice and men. The book shows loneliness in every ones life in the book. The quote says Guys like us George is talking about the ranch workers by saying us we know they are all lonely because they all show signs of loneliness, they try to fight this by making friends I think that in the book Steinbeck tries to show us that loneliness can be resolved by friendship. George blames Lennie for himRead MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by Steinbeck Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by Steinbeck John Steinbeck wrote â€Å"of Mice and Men† in the 1930s. It is set in California and shows us life for migrant workers at this time. The book describes how lonely life can be. In the book there are different kinds of loneliness. The different types described are Isolation which means that you are kept separate from others because you have an illness just like being in quarantine. Solitude is another type of loneliness which meansRead MoreThe Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, is set in the farmlands of Salinas Valley in California during the 1930’s. At this time there was a world wide depression caused by the Wall Street crash in America. John Steinbeck was born and brought up in Salinas California, he had lived and experienced a life of a migrant worker and that is what inspired him to write this novel (novella?). This meant he could paint a lot Read MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck This book is set in a deserted, lonely country. The individuals in the story are isolated by particular features such as age, sex, disability and race. They appear to relate to each other, however, each is essential trapped by their situation. In the end they are unable to help each other to escape their loneliness or to escape their own fate. Of Mice and Men is set in the farmland of the Salinas valley, where John

conflict management styles Essay - 559 Words

Conflict Management Styles nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;How many people have conflicts with there parents? This is not a uncommon thing for young adults to show conflict with their parents. Conflicts are something that occur very often and it seems as though young adults have lots of conflicts with their parents. Some young adults feel as though, if they are eighteen, nineteen, or twenty that they are able to make their own decisions. Whether it be staying out past curfew, borrowing the car, or staying over a friends house, the young adult or teenager doesn’t see eye to eye with their parents and this is where the conflict comes into play. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In this paper the conflict†¦show more content†¦The Collaborating tactic may be used when your whole objective on the conflict is to learn. Also it is a good idea to use the Collaborating tactic when you want to work through feeling that have interfered with the relationship with the other person in the conflict. Competing tactic is excellent when you want to cut the through all of the non sense and get to a resolution of the conflict quickly. When quick decisive resolutions are very important, or when people attempt to disagree with you and your right without a doubt. The last tactic that Rahim and Magner talk about is the Compromising tactic. This is good for when, goals are important to you but they are not worth all the trouble they may cause. To achieve rather quick and easy resolutions to rather complex disagreements nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;So, next time there is a conflict with your parents, try to use the accommodating, collaborating, competing, compromising or even avoiding tactic to resolve the problem so both parties feel satisfied. Bibliography: Dumlao, Rebecca. Botta, Renee.†Family communication patterns and the conflict styles young adults use with their fathers.† Communication Quarterly. Vol. 48 no. 2 Spring 2000: 174-189. Endres, Thomas G. :Father-daughter dramas: A Q-investigation of rhetoricalShow MoreRelatedConflict Of Conflict Management Styles1690 Words   |  7 PagesMany people do their best to avoid conflict at all costs, but it is an occurrence that everyone must deal with from time to time. Understandable, the avoidance of conflict is glamorous, however learning how to handle the conflicts can make them seem less bothersome. Learning how to manage conflict is a key factor in becoming a manager and the execution of that learning can be very different from manager to manager. Shanker (2013) describes conflict management styles as an equation involving the dispositionRead MoreConflict Management Styles1081 Words   |  5 PagesConflict Management Styles Myron Harris 09/30/2012 CJA/444 Allen Cole Conflict Management Styles Conflict usually occurs when individuals within a group or organization has differences in opinions. When individuals are in a disagreement about something like policies and procedures or even the overall direction of which an organization or company is heading it can become very frustrating. As we all know conflict the process of conflict usually begins when an individual or party has perceivedRead MoreWorkplace Conflicts And Conflict Management Styles2734 Words   |  11 Pages Workplace Conflicts and Conflict Management Styles Greg Jefia MBA 5213 Dr. Edwards December 12, 2014 â€Æ' Introduction Conflicts in the workplace and interpersonal relationship are inevitable. Organizational conflict is common in the workplace because people always have divergent views on various issues, interests, ideologies, goals, and aspirations (Deutsch, 1990). Conflict exists in all kinds of environments because people compete for power, jobs, resources, security and recognition. People whoRead MoreConflict Management Style With Others1444 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Management Style When considering your conflict management style with others, be it; personal or professional, we tend to use the style that seems appropriate to the conflict. Managing conflict is a difficult task that we all face during our life time, but becoming aware of your own characteristic style could help determine why conflicts result exactly the way they do. It helps determine what is a healthy outcome, or not? Each circumstance is different! Interpersonal conflict is veryRead MoreConflict Management : The Styles And Outcomes Of Managing Conflict1541 Words   |  7 PagesConflict Management: The Styles and Outcomes of Managing Conflict in Modern Society Corbin Metz University of Oklahoma Communication is an obligatory aspect for the existence of human life. In our society today, conflict is managed through various styles, some leading to more positive outcomes than others. Although many people attempt to not confront conflict and rather avoid the issue, which may cause it to worsen, it is an aspect that every person willRead MoreConflict Management Styles Among Corporate Executives1161 Words   |  5 Pagesprevious researchers’ efforts and expertise. A potential research study on â€Å"Conflict Management Styles among Corporate Executives in Developing Countries – Nigeria a Case Study† is considered for a signature assignment. Conflict is inevitable and exists everywhere. In organizational system, conflict and methods of conflict management influences different groups (employees, management team and executives). Conflicts are realities of life and can be defined as a â€Å"situation of competition in whichRead MoreConflict Management Styles Among Corporate Executives1161 Words   |  5 Pagesprevious researchers’ efforts and expertise. A potential research study on â€Å"Conflict Management Styles among Corporate Executives in Developing Countries – Nigeria a Case Study† is considered for a signature assignment. Conflict is inevitable and exists everywhere. In organizational system, conflict and methods of conflict management influences different groups (employees, management team and executives). Conflicts are realities of life and can be defined as a â€Å"situation of competition in whichRead MoreConflict Management Styles At The Individual And Little Gathering Level961 Words   |  4 Pagesunasked and unanswered: Is there any confirmation that conflict cultures exist at the authoritative level? How do such unmistakable conflict cultures create? How do leaders shape the advancement of conflict cultures? What are the results of conflict cultures for authoritative level results? Answers to these inquiries can t be found in the psychological literature on conflict, which has for the most part centered around conflict management styles at the individual and little gathering level. In thisRead MoreConflict Between Conflict Management Styles885 Words   |  4 PagesConflict Conflict is defined as â€Å"a struggle or contest between people with opposing needs, ideas, beliefs, values or goals† (Popovic and Hocenski, 2009, p. 15). As a manager or leader, you take on the responsibility as a problem solver. Thus,  knowing how to resolve a conflict that respect each individual that is involved shows the ability to deal with conflict. Conflict management styles is being able to manage conflict in a functional manner (Satterlee, 2013).   Ã‚  According to Satterlee (2013) theRead MoreEssay on Conflict Management Styles 1166 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is known to be inseparable in all human interactions. In any organization, role differentiation acquires the different uses of conflict handling styles. Work direction, reward, supervision, discipline and performance review also involve the use of conflict handling styles. Organizational change and control is also viewed from a conflict perspective. In attempts to explain the nature or dynamics of a particular organizational phenomenon, conflict may be incorporated as a causal factor (Brown

Three key scenes in the Crucible Essay Example For Students

Three key scenes in the Crucible Essay Act: 1 At the start of page 16, Mary Warren and Abigail are talking. During this conversation John Procter enters the room. As Mary Warren sees John Procter, Mary Warren leaps in fright. From this we can see Conclusion that Mary Warren is scared of John Procter. Without having to say anything Mary Warren says, Oh! Im just going home, Mr Procter. Procter is furious, he had told Mary not to leave the house and she did. He then says that he his looking for Mary more than his cows implying that she is more arrogant than his cows. Mary then replies, I only come to see the great doings in the world. She says this an act of fear. She is scared of Proctor. Proctor, still furious threatens to whip Marry across the arse, if she doesnt go home at that moment and help Elizabeth, Johns wife with the housework. The aggression works, she slowly leaves the room to go to Elizabeth. Mary is also present in the room. She is also scared as well as well as being attracted by John Procter. We get to know this as the author describes Mercy as strangely titillated. After, John walks towards Betty, who at this moment is lying in bed, as Abigail interrupts by saying how she forgot how strong John Proctor is. By hearing John Procter is irritated by what Abigail has to say and doesnt have the faintest suggestion of a smile. He then asks, What the mischief here? He wants to know what she is trying to imply him. She replies that shes gone silly/mad somehow. At this moment Procter comes to the suspicion that Abigail may be a witch and says that past his house the road passes and goes to Salem, were people are mumbling about Witchcraft. Abigail then goes on to say that her uncle caught her the previous night. While she was dancing and singing in the woods. The reason could be because she wants Proctors suspicion in to thinking that she is witch to increase. Procter smiles He is happy and says that shell be clapped in the stocks before shes twenty. He could be happy in the sense that, if Abigail is executed, then he and his wife can live happily. And, that his wife can live without the fear of Abigails presence. At this moment Procter has enough and wants to walk away, but she walks in the way and interrupts, she wants John to give her a word, a soft word, Abigail at his moment is becomes desirable and stops Johns smile. He knows what Abigails is getting to and tries to make a quick escape. He replies, NO, no, thats done with. He trying to make it clear to Abigail that the relationship is over, but lacks the courage to do so. Abigail, still not giving up, asks Procter what the real reason is behind him coming to the village. He laughs because she is positive that the only reason Proctor has come to the town, is due to Abigail. Proctor realises that the more that he talks to her, the more hell be interested in reforming his relationship with Abigail, and therefore moves her out of his path. He says with final emphasis to Put it out of mind As John begins to ignore her, Abigail becomes more desperate. She says, John-I-am waitinfor you every night. John again trying to end the conversation with Abigail says that she shouldnt keep any hope that their relationship is going to start again. Abigail then becomes angry. She becomes angry due to the fact that John is no longer interested. The Nine Tailors EssayThe argument gets to the point, that Johns says, your justice would freeze beer! He obviously means that she is very cold and judges nobody fairly. At this moment the housemaid, Marry Warren, interrupts John. He so enraged, that he takes all of his and Elizabeths anger out Mary. He shakes her furiously. Act 4 As Elizabeth and John meet, the earlier Tension between them begins to disappear. John and Elizabeth begin to talk, John asks Elizabeth questions about their children, both individuals are unhappy, miserable and reluctant to talk. Elizabeth then starts to end to enquire about the witch trials. Elizabeth tells, John about the incident with Giles, where he was press to death. This leads John, to think out confessing to witchcraft. He asks Elizabeth if that would impress her. John is clearly still wanting to gain Elizabeths trust and is willing to sacrifice his life. This still wont gain Elizabeths trust, John asks, what would you have me do? Elizabeth still wants John to live, but is still wants to be assured that the relationship between him and Abigail is over and this discussion leads her in to further confusion. From this we learn that John is willing to give his life just for his wifes trust. John then questions about Giles wife, asking if she has confessed. John then pleads his honesty with his wife; he becomes aggressive as well saying the whole the thing is all ridiculas. He says, It is hard to give a lie to dogs trying to break the ice between the two. He then again asks Elizabeth for her apology. Elizabeth, like always, declines it!Elizabeth then begins to give John her point of view. He says the John should ask for forgiveness from his soul before he asks her for forgiveness. John is still unsure and is now deeply hurt from what Elizabeth has to say. While John and Elizabeth are in deep sorrow, Harthone approaches and ask whether John is ready to confess. Harthone is very happy. Harthone moves away. Elizabeth is in tears, John asks him that why is she in tears; he is implying that she should be happy that John is going to die. At this moment John is fed up, angry and deeply hurt. He begins move around questioning himself that who is going to judge him, if Elizabeth isnt.He then begins to think whether good is evil and is still extremely hurt. At this moment Damforth enters with his companions. The judges want Johns confession to be written on the church wall, this amazes John. John confesses to have seen the devil. The judges write down Johns confession, and all that John has to is sign it. The Danforth wants John to sign another paper, John refuses, each time he is asked, his anger rises each time. John and Danforth begin to argue, to why John should sign the paper say Procter broke his knees and wept like a woman, say what you will from this two points are clearly obvious. One that he doesnt not want to sign the document and the other that he is just wants to get on with the execution. This could be due to the fact that Elizabeth isnt forgiving him. John still does not want to confess and creating a lot tension between himself and the judges. John then confesses to have lied and have sold his soul. Danforth then refuses to accept the confession. He threatens to give John the rope unless he gives the correct confession. The judges are outraged. John breaks in to tears. He say, Not weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs. John makes a valid point that put the rest of the people to shame.

Issues Paul Raises In Romans 9 11 Religion Essay Essay Example

Issues Paul Raises In Romans 9 11 Religion Essay Essay The book of Romans is the longest among the Pauline epistles it is largely regarded as the ultimate accomplishment among Apostle Paul s work. Romans had a batch of influences and played an of import function in the lives of major Christian minds and bookmans of the yesteryear who help in determining the history of the church. The cardinal subject in Romans is righteousness, the book clearly conveying out God s righteousness and world s demand for redemption, and it provides doctrinal learning on how to use redemption in populating a righteous life. Romans chapters 9 11 contain some of the primary theological elements of Pauline indispensable statements in the book of Romans that trade with critical issues refering God s Word, the failure of His chosen people Israel, their current state of affairs, and the future deduction for the Jews as state. Apostle Paul in his statement revealed God s intent of grace and the future glorification that is to come in God s kids. He threw more visible radiation on the leftover of Israel in an inter-textual signifier of statement. The Jews are God s chosen people: a symbol that represents the sovereignty of God among other states on Earth ; their being signified the monotheistic function in godly intent of God. Even though God s lone Son was send to them, they rejected him and put him to decease. This is some of the jobs raised up and Paul dealt with in chapters 9 11. He strongly argued about Israel s topographic point in God s redemption program and their dealingss to the Gospel, he besides e mphasised on how the Gentiles should associate to the Jews as trusters in Jesus Christ. God s crowned head pick We will write a custom essay sample on Issues Paul Raises In Romans 9 11 Religion Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Issues Paul Raises In Romans 9 11 Religion Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Issues Paul Raises In Romans 9 11 Religion Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Paul introduced his great concern right in the beginning of the first three poetries of Romans chapter nine depicting his despair and concern for his fellow Jewish offspring and their relationship with God. He expressed how passionately he is to take their penalty if merely that could hold saved them for he knew the wrath that comes with rejecting what God has presented to His kids. In verse four Paul unfolded God s intent for Israel throughout in the Old Testament history, Israel s acceptance as God s kids, Abraham s promises, the patriarchal compact, and the Mosaic Law at the terminal of the introductory paragraph ( v1-5 ) . A batch of strength is built in Paul s statement. The consistence of God s work of cosmopolitan acceptance is besides seen at this point. Chapter 9:6 is the cardinal poetry in the transition because it deals with the rudimentss of Paul s statements in chapters 9 11. The Apostle stated that Not as though the word of God hath taken none consequence . Paul raised this issue in order to learn that the word of God is still and can be trusted to the full, even though it may look as if it failed in respect to the state Israel. Paul absolutely knew that Bibles have non failed the Jews because he knew the Word of God to be faithful. He demonstrates that God s manner of covering with the Jews and the remainder of the states are consistent with the prophetic promises in Bibles. The Word of God in context refers to God s promise to Abraham and his posterities, yet he farther declares in the 2nd portion of chapter 9:6 For they are non all Israel, which are of Israel Paul taught that even thoug ht many Hebrewss are lost, the true Hebrewss are saved. Within the history of Israel there was autonomous election, non merely in the instance of Ishmael and Isaac, where Isaac was chosen as the seed of Abraham but besides in the instance of Esau and Jacob. Jacob was chosen as the 1 in whom the compact line of descent will be proceed and fulfilled. He argued that throughout coevalss there has ever been true and faithful one within the state of Israel who is perfectly elected known as the leftover. The Apostle Paul applied the philosophy of the leftover to exemplify that among the Judaic state there are ever people who believe and all those trusters among the Jews are the leftover of Israel. Among the bing Hebrews it is those who believe in Christ are the elite posterities of Abraham. Paul provides adequate biblical grounds to turn out the point of his statement that non all the physical posterities of Abraham are regarded to be the kids of the promise. God in His sovereignty choose upon whom He will confabulate His approval for it is a gift of grace non an accomplishable wages. Judaic wickedness in rejecting Jesus Israel a state that had the chance and privilege as God s chosen people failed non needfully because they did non follow the jurisprudence, but because they did non understand the work of the jurisprudence. They created their ain manner of righteousness and failed to subject to righteousness in Christ. Paul theoretically dealt with the Judaic disbelief as God s purpose base on godly election. He emphasized on righteousness and declared the manner to obtain it. Furthermore he taught that true righteousness is non obedience to a set human rules or regulations but it is based merely on religion. He argued that the obeisance of religion is non the same as obeisance to the jurisprudence. Paul explored the job with the Jews in consistent item and unfolded the nature of the Judaic people. He acknowledged that the Jews had a singular end to honor God but they practiced this accomplishment from incorrect attack by recompensed obeisance to the jurisprudence at the degree where most of them are focussed and dedicated to the jurisprudence instead than God. The Apostle Paul evidently understood that Christ has put an terminal to the jurisprudence with a new beginning ; therefore a better manner of religion is available for both Jews and Gentiles every bit good. The Jews chose to indurate their Black Marias against the new beginning of redemption that came through Christ the Messiah, foremost to them before the remainder of the states in the universe. Paul argued that Judaism without Christ is like unaccomplished journey, the jurisprudence itself is a usher to Christ as a concluding and fulfilled promised. Hebrews who looked for the coming Messiah rejected him when he came but when God offered His redemption to the Gentiles many who even do non cognize anything about the Messiah and His coming believed in him. Paul concluded his statement ( Romans 9:20-10:21 ) by citing Isaiah 65:2, a mention that absolutely described the transition in context of Israel s disobedient. Present events are to be over ruled by future glorification The Apostle Paul to indicate out in the 11th chapter that non all Hebrews have rejected God s massage of redemption and continued by raising the degree of his statement refering God s fidelity and consistence. He disputed the thought that God has abandoned His people Israel. As an Israelite himself and a descendent of Abraham from the folk of Benjamin he argued that non all Hebrews have rejected God s message of redemption, he clearly taught with comprehendible scruples that there is an bing faithful leftover among God s chosen people Israel. Paul revealed that merely the same as God had faithful leftover in the yearss of Elijah the great prophesier who challenged the northern land to atone so it is in the yearss of Paul and his coevalss. Those Hebrewss who believed in the Gospel did non come to God because of righteousness based on plants of the jurisprudence but it is based on God s gracious pick. The Judaic trusters are the leftovers and besides proved the fact that God has non abandoned His people. Harmonizing to Paul trusters like himself and the adherents of Jesus Christ indicated that God is still in procedure of covering with the Judaic people and has non cast the state Israel away. Paul the apostle to the Gentiles addressed the Gentile trusters to understand the heritage they have received from the Jews. Although they had every right to bask the privileges they should offer a good relationship to the Jews trusters to keep integrity in Christ. The Apostle used a metaphoric illustration of wild olive tree to learn the truth that both Jews and Gentiles shared parts based on religion in God s Godhead program. In kernel he illustrated that the Gentiles have no root of their ain, they are subdivisions grafted into an bing cultivated root and there will be a clip that the original root will bring forth subdivisions of its sort. A clip will come when the Jews who have been cut off because of their rejection of Christ will be grafted to the root in the same beginning as the Gentiles. Paul cautions the Gentiles trusters non to tout but steadfastly stand in what God has done for them. The wild olive tree analogy revealed God s Godhead program for all world, Israel s rejection prepared the manner for the Gentiles to go portion of God s redemption offered to all world. The Godhead disclosures, privileges, and promises that were given to the state Israel will neer be withdrawn. God will work with the despaired single members of the state Israel who are populating among the Gentile states worldwide, and He will convey His people to salvation in integrity with Christ. The unbelief Jews will be invited once more as the Gentiles were invited because God is covering with them as portion of the healing procedure, they will ever stay God chosen people. Harmonizing to Paul there will ever be a reserved leftover by God chosen people through all ages until the great trial for the readying of the opinion of the millennian land. Paul argued his point with eschatological understanding on Israel s redemption that he hopes for his people in the hereafter. Decision The Apostle Paul constructively discussed the dealingss between the state Israel and other states of the universe in Roman 9-11. In his treatment it is argued that God promises remain true, the Gospel of redemption in Christ was foremost offered to the Jews and so to the Gentiles. Bing a Hebrew Paul brought in his great concern for his fellow brethren who are the direct posterities of God s chosen people and yet rejected their rightful heritage. He explained the existed state of affairs of the Jews disbelief as a procedure that God is taking them through. To the Gentiles he cautioned them non to look down upon God s chosen people Israel. Paul s statement in the transition ( Roman 9-11 ) without a uncertainty was addressed to the Jews foremost before the non-Jewish and the transition represented as a usher to assist them both to understand the Godhead intent in which God work among worlds. From a strong theological accent the Apostle used biblical mentions to set up the facts concerne d the promises made to Israel from the yearss of their male parents to confirm that God work among them as His crowned head chosen.

Berlin Blockade essays

Berlin Blockade essays On June 26, 1948 the largest airlift began as the American and British forces began the Berlin Airlift. To understand how the airlift came to be, we have to look all the way back to the Yalta Conference. The Yalta Conference began in February 1945 in which the three superpowers, America, Russia and Britain, met to discuss the future of post war Europe. America and Russia were emerging as the two superpowers, and their deteriorating relationship would soon lead to many problems that would develop in post war Europe. Yalta saw the beginning of this deteriorating relationship. First, Stalin put a communist government in place in Poland. Poland had been the route that enemies had used to invade Russia on three separate occasions and Stalin felt he needed a friendly government in power. Stalin had agreed to hold elections in liberated countries following the war which he broke when he established a communist government in Poland. Although the U.S. and Britain had done the same thing when they put their own government in Italy following their defeat, Stalins move in Poland still upset the other two superpowers. U.S. still needed Russias help to fight the war in Japan so President Roosevelt had to be careful not to upset Stalin. The communist government was allowed to stay in Poland but the government was extended to include the Poles living in London that were suppose to form the government. Stalin made sure that the communists always had the majority. Also in an attempt to keep good relations with Russia, Roosevelt agreed to allow Russia to remove ten billion dollars from defeated Germany. Also at Yalta, it was agreed that post war Germany be divided into four occupational zones, which would become one of the main problems leading to the Berlin Airlift. Russia was given the north east, the U.S. was given the south east, Britain the north west, and France the south west. Berlin, German...

History of the Inca Empire

History of the Inca Empire The Inca Empire was the largest prehispanic society of South America when it was discovered by the Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro in the 16th century AD. At its height, the Inca empire controlled all of the western part of the South American continent between Ecuador and Chile. The Inca capital was at Cusco, Peru, and the Inca legends claimed they were descended from the great Tiwanaku civilization at Lake Titicaca. Origins Archaeologist Gordon McEwan has built an extensive study of archaeological, ethnographic, and historical sources of information on the Inca origins. Based on that, he believes that the Inca arose from the remnants of the Wari Empire based at the site of Chokepukio, a regional center built about AD 1000. An influx of refugees from Tiwanaku arrived there from the Lake Titicaca region about AD 1100. McEwan argues that Chokepukio may be the town of Tambo Tocco, reported in Inca legends as the originating town of the Inca and that Cusco was founded from that city. See his 2006 book, The Incas: New Perspectives for more detail on this interesting study. In a 2008 article, Alan Covey argued that although the Inca arose from the Wari and Tiwanaku state roots, they succeeded as an empire- compared to the contemporary Chimà º State,  because the Inca adapted to regional environments and with local ideologies. The Inca began their expansion from Cusco about 1250 AD or so, and before the conquest in 1532 they controlled a linear stretch of some 4,000 kilometers, including nearly one million square kilometers in area and over 100 different societies in coastal regions, pampas, mountains, and forests. Estimates for the total population under Incan control range between six and nine million persons. Their empire included land in what are the modern countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Architecture and Economics To control such a huge area, the Incas built roads, including both mountainous and coastal routes. One existing fragment of the road between Cusco and the palace of Machu Picchu is called the Inca Trail. The amount of control exercised by Cusco over the rest of the empire varied from place to place, as might be expected for such a huge empire. Tribute paid to the Inca rulers came from farmers of cotton, potatoes, and maize, herders of alpacas and llamas, and craft specialists who made polychrome pottery, brewed beer from maize (called chicha), wove fine wool tapestries  and made wooden, stone, and gold, silver and copper objects. The Inca were organized along a complex hierarchical and hereditary lineage system called the ayllu system. Ayllus ranged in size from a few hundred to tens of thousands of people, and they governed access to such things as land, political roles, marriage, and ritual ceremonies. Among other important duties, ayllus took maintenance and ceremonial roles involving the preservation and care of honored mummies of the ancestors of their communities. The only written records about the Inca that we can read today are documents from the Spanish conquistadors of Francisco Pizarro. Records were kept by the Inca in the form of knotted strings called quipu (also spelled khipu or quipo). The Spanish reported that historical records- particularly the deeds of the rulers- were sung, chanted, and painted on wooden tablets as well. Timeline and Kinglist The Inca word for ruler was capac, or capa, and the next ruler was chosen both by heredity and by marriage lines. All of the capacs were said to be descended from the legendary Ayar siblings (four boys and four girls) who emerged from the cave of Pacaritambo. The first Inca capac,  the Ayar sibling Manco Capac, married one of his sisters and founded  Cusco. The ruler at the height of the empire was Inca Yupanqui, who renamed himself Pachacuti (Cataclysm) and ruled between AD 1438-1471. Most scholarly reports list the date of the Inca empire as beginning with Pachacutis rule. High-status women were called coya and how well you could succeed in life depended to a degree on the genealogical claims of both your mother and father. In some cases, this led to sibling marriage, because the strongest connection you could have would be if you were the child of two descendants of Manco Capac. The dynastic king list which follows was reported by the Spanish chroniclers such as  Bernabà © Cobo  from oral history reports and, to a degree, it is somewhat under debate. Some scholars believe that there was actually a dual kingship, each king ruling half of Cusco; this is a minority viewpoint. Calendrical dates for the reigns of the various kings were established by Spanish chroniclers based on oral histories, but they are clearly miscalculated and so are not included here (some reigns supposedly lasted over 100 years). Dates included below are those for  capacs  that were personally remembered by the Inca informants to the Spanish. Kings Manco Capac (principal wife his sister Mama Occlo) ca. AD 1200 (founded  Cusco)Sinchà ­ Roca (principal wife Manco Sapaca)Lloque Ypanqui (p.w. Mama Cora)Mayta Capac (p.w. Mama Tacucaray)Capac YupanquiInca RocaYahuar HuacacViracocha Inca (p.w. Mama Rondocaya)Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (p.w. Mama Anahuarqui, built the  Coricancha  and  Machu Picchu, reformed Inca society) [ruled AD 1438-1471], royal estates at Pisac,  Ollantaytambo  and Machu PicchuTopa Inca (or Tupac Inca or Topa Inca Yupanqui) (principal wife his sister Mama Occlo, first capac considered supernatural in his lifetime) [AD 1471-1493], royal estates at Chinchero and  ChoquequiraoHuayna Capac [AD 1493-1527], royal estates at Quespiwanka and Tombebamba[civil war between Huascar and Atahuallpa 1527]Huascar [AD 1527-1532]Atahuallpa [AD 1532](Inca conquered by Pizarro in 1532)Manco Inca [AD 1533]Paullu Inca Classes of Incan Society The kings of the Inca society were called  capac. Capacs could have multiple wives, and often did. Inca nobility (called  Inka) were mostly hereditary positions, although special persons could be assigned this designation.  Curacas  were administrative functionaries and bureaucrats. Caciques  were agricultural community leaders, responsible for maintenance of agricultural fields and tribute payment. Most of the society was organized into  ayllus, who were taxed and received domestic goods according to the size of their groups. Chasqui  were message runners who were essential to the Inca system of government. Chasqui traveled along the  Inca road system  stopping at outposts or  tambos  and  were said to be able to send a message 250 kilometers in one day  and to make the distance from Cusco to Quito (1500 km) within one week. After death, the  capac,  and his wives (and many of the highest officials) were mummified and kept by his descendants. Important Facts Alternate names:  Inca, Inka, Tahuantinsuyu or Tawantinsuyu (the four parts together in Quechua)Population:  Estimates widely accepted by Inca scholars range between six and 14 million within an area extending from Colombia to Chile, in 1532 when the Spanish arrived.State language:  Inca rulers adopted a form of Quechua for their administrative language  and doing so spread it into outlying areas of their empire, but the Inca incorporated many different cultures and their languages. The Inca called their form of Quechua runasimi or mans speech.Writing system:  The Inca apparently kept accounts and perhaps historical information using a  quipu, a system of knotted and dyed string; according to the Spanish, the Inca also chanted and sang historical legends and painted wooden tablets.Ethnographic sources:  Lots of ethnographic sources are available about the Inca, primarily Spanish military leaders and priests who were interested in conquering the Inca. These texts are var iously useful and often quite biased. Some few examples include  Bernabà © Cobo, Historia del Nuevo Mundo 1653, and Relacion de las huacas, among many other reports;  Garcilaso de la Vega, 1609; Diez Gonzalez Holguin, 1608; anonymous Arte y vocabulario en la lengua general del Peru, 1586; Santo Tomas, 1560; Juan Perez Bocanegra, 1631; Pablo Joseph de Arriaga, 1621; Cristobal de Albornoz, 1582 Economics Intoxicants:  Coca, chicha (maize  beer)Markets:  A widespread trade network facilitated by open marketsCultivated crops:  Cotton, potatoes,  maize, quinoaDomesticated animals:  Alpaca,  llama,  guinea pigTribute  was paid to Cusco in goods and services; tribute tallies were kept on quipu and an annual census was kept including the number of deaths and birthsLapidary arts:  ShellMetallurgy:  Silver, copper, tin and to a lesser extent gold were cold-hammered, forged, and air-annealedTextiles:  Wool (alpaca and  llama) and cottonAgriculture:  When necessary in the steep Andean terrain, the Inca built terraces with a gravel base and stepped retaining walls, to drain excess water and allow water flow from the terrace tread to the next terrace downslope. Architecture Construction techniques used by the Inca included fired adobe mud bricks, roughly shaped stones interspersed with mud mortar, and large, finely shaped stones coated with mud and clay finishing. The shaped stone architecture (sometimes called pillow-faced) is among the finest in the world, with large stones sanded into tight jigsaw like patterns. The pillow-faced architecture was reserved for temples, administrative structures and royal residences like Machu Picchu.Many Inca military installations and other public architecture were constructed throughout the empire, at sites such as Farfn (Peru), Qara Qara and Yampara (Bolivia), and Catarpe and Turi (Chile).The Inca Road  (Capaq Ñan or Gran Ruta Inca) was built connecting the empire  and included some 8500 kilometers of major thoroughfare crossing fifteen distinct ecosystems. 30,000 kilometers of subsidiary trails branch off the main road, including the Inca Trail, which is the part that leads from Cusco to Machu Picchu. Religion Ceque system: a system of shrines and ritual pathways radiating out from the capital city of Cusco. Emphasis on ancestor worship and fictive kinship structures (ayllus).Capacocha ceremony: a state event that involved the sacrifice of objects, animals and sometimes children.Burials:  The Inca dead were mummified and placed in open sepulchers so that they could be disinterred for important annual ceremonies and other rituals.Temples/shrines  known as huacas included both built and natural structures Sources: Adelaar, W. F. H.2006  Quechua. In  Encyclopedia of Language Linguistics. Pp. 314-315. London: Elsevier Press.Covey, R. A. 2008  Multiregional Perspectives on the Archaeology of the Andes During the Late Intermediate Period (c. A.D. 1000–1400).  Journal of Archaeological Research  16:287–338.Kuznar, Lawrence A. 1999 The Inca Empire: Detailing the complexities of core/periphery interactions. Pp. 224-240 in  World-Systems Theory in Practice: Leadership, production, and exchange, edited by P. Nick Kardulias. Rowan and Littlefield: Landham.McEwan, Gordon. 2006  The Incas: New Perspectives.  Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Online book. Accessed May 3, 2008.

Business Administration class Strategy Formulation Essay

Business Administration class Strategy Formulation - Essay Example This is because in each stage, certain vital activities are done. In Strategy formulation, certain features of the organization are presented. The features are analyzed both internally and externally. These features include the vision, mission statement, objectives, and tactical objectives of the organization. The process starts by first looking at the mission and objectives which describe the companys business goals as well as measurable financial and strategic objectives. Secondly, an environmental scan is done. This includes an internal analysis of the firm as a whole, and its industry (task environment). An external analysis, also known as the PEST analysis follows (â€Å"Pest Analysis†, 2010). In strategy formulation, the information acquired from the environmental scan is used to match the firm’s strengths to its opportunities while addressing its weaknesses and external threats. In strategy implementation, programs, budgets, and procedures are used as means of implementation and this makes it important for success to be guaranteed. In the final stage which is evaluation and control, parameters to be measured are defined. The next step involves defining targets for the measured parameters, performing the measurements, and finally, comparing the measured results to pre-defined standards and make necessary changes. This second stage of strategic management supports the mission and objectives of the organization by creating sustainable competitive advantages. The stage is organized into six sections. Some of these sections are; Corporate-Level Strategy, Competitive Strategy, Functional Strategy, Choosing Strategies, and Troublesome Strategies (Rex, n.d.). Each of these sections has got its own methods of formulation. The level of Corporate-level Strategy is concerned with the direction of the company. It provides a channel for the organization to make some changes and improve their growth objectives and achievement. In the second level, Competitive

Valuation Methods of Collateralized mortgage obligations Dissertation

Valuation Methods of Collateralized mortgage obligations - Dissertation Example ted For Research Study 55 Data Analysis 57 Data Analysis Technique 57 Appropriateness of data analysis technique 59 Description on Questionnaire Formulation 61 Findings of the Research (CMO Valuation Model) 62 Reliability on the Data 62 Chapter Summary 63 Chapter Four: Methods 64 Introduction 64 Research Method 64 Research Design 66 Population and Sample 67 Sampling and Sampling Technique 67 Research Instrument 68 Primary Data Collection 69 Secondary Data Collection 70 Ethical Issues 71 Chapter Five: Findings 72 Introduction 72 Overview of the Study 72 Findings 72 Research Question One 73 Degree of relationship between the yield of FNMA-supported tranches and return on the US treasury bonds 73 Effect of Projected and Market Consensus on Subprime MSRs 76 Research Question Two 77 Relationship between the yields of FNMA-supported tranches and the assumption of the prepayment speed 77 Factors influencing the term structure of interest rate 79 Review on Subprime Meltdown 80 Research Quest ion Three 80 Fundamentals of CMO valuation identified through secondary data collection 81 Research Question 4 91 Quantitative representation of the MSR Price Impact 91 Component MSR Price Impact: 91 Total MSR Price Impact: 91 Impact on Sample Residual Interest is More Significant: 92 Fixed-rate mortgage valuation methodologies 93 Benchmark method 93 Rapid approximation method 96 Rational valuation approach 97 References 98 Dedication Acknowledgments Abstract Chapter One: Introduction This proposed quantitative descriptive research study discusses the various valuation methodologies of prepayment speeds with Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMO) tranches and analyzing how the prevalent valuation methods are useful in current complex economic scenarios. The objective of this study is primarily to examine the applicability of various methods of valuation for pricing the CMOs so as to determine their validity in the present economic conditions. Chapter 1 provides a broad overview o f the various facets with respect to the valuation of the prepayment speeds within CMO tranches. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations are derivative debt instruments that can be aptly defined as the claim that arises out of cash flows from large pools of home mortgages. The structure of CMO is such that once the principal and interest received from the mortgage holders it is distributed to tranches. The principal amount, the coupon rate, the prepayment risk and the maturity date differ among the tranches (Economy Watch, n. d.). CMOs are derivative debt instruments providing both retail and institutional investors the possibility of higher yields with a Standard & Poors AA

Research Real Estate Data Set Essay Example for Free

Research Real Estate Data Set Essay Abstract In this paper the team analyzed three scholarly articles relating to our study. Furthermore, the team also analyzed additional data sets to include more variables like bedrooms and bathrooms in our investigation to test our hypothesis which shows that the results are consistent with the hypothesis. The population size, primary and secondary data, using unbiased information and applying ethics are also discussed in detail. Real Estate Data Set II As we begin the final stages of our project it is important to understand the process of applied research and how one or more variable have an impact on the dependable variable. It is important to understand why research is necessary and how we apply research to get answers to issues. The team analyzed thirty date sets to research homes with or without a pool, with or without a garage, and on the proximity of the house to the city, and how those factors affected the selling prices of homes. Furthermore, the team also analyzed more data sets to include more variables like bedrooms and bathrooms. Six bedrooms, three bath houses will sell for more than a one bedroom, one bath houses, regardless of whether it has a pool or garage. As we go forward with this assignment and analyze more data collection sets, it seems that the hypothesis that we proposed is the right one. Our hypothesis is based around the concept of human prioritization and its role in home selection. Additionally, the team researched three scholarly articles that are pertinent to our study to help us understand why the research is important and necessary. The first article uses analysis to discuss the connection between the selling price of a home and â€Å"Time on the Market† (TOM) (Sirmans, et al, 2010). It states that the longer the house is on the market the lower the selling price of the house. The study uses data sets to examine single family homes and whether the TOM co-efficient is susceptible to location, income of families, wealth and time. The results proved that the TOM co-efficient is sensitive to the variables and there is a significant relationship between TOM and the selling prices (Sirmans et al, 2010). It also states that selling prices and TOM is a very complicated because ellers / buyers want to maximize the price, while sellers want to sell at the top price buyers want to purchase at the lowest price. The second article discusses the study of how technology of real estate is changing and how important technology is key to gather important data from private and public sources for the real estate industry. Many studies have been published about the impact of the information on the real estate industry, on market size and efficiency, and market innovation. These studi es have proven that email and the use of internet are used as a positive marketing tool. Survey questions were developed to gather information about real estate agents and their attitude about using information technology as marketing their services. The results were positive and all that were surveyed viewed that information technology was key in some areas. Internet usage got a high score along with online research but personal webpage’s indicated a lower score (Acharya et al, 2010). The third article examined that in real estate development there is a need for risk assessment techniques to assess the impact of the project. The article is based on an exploratory survey which data was collected through interviews and a questionnaire. The study was conducted in the Thailand area using Thai real estate development companies. The study revealed that there are no systematic techniques to deal with the concerns of economic and political risks (Khumpaisal et al, 2010). All three articles focus on real estate research and how information is collected and used in different studies. All three article discuss how data, the collection of the data and the usage of the data play an important part while conducting research. When conducting research it is often difficult, or impractical to test the entire population. Many issues can arise, such as time consumption, cost, and redundant information. Often it is possible for researchers to draw conclusions based on population samples. This is when we test a small portion of the population and draw conclusions on the entire population based on the sample results. For our research the sample of thirty homes came from a larger sample of one hundred six homes. These homes were a sample of homes in one state, across five townships. For our research we decided to limit the sample to around thirty homes of similar qualities (outside of the variables we are testing). The reason we do this is to be sure there isn’t an outside, unknown variable affecting the experiment. Therefore we chose homes that are between two and three bedrooms, with two bathrooms. This gave us a sample of thirty-one homes. For this particular research, it is possible to see the affects of different variables on home prices. Also, with more than thirty samples it is also possible to eliminate outliers that may skew averages. For example, if we only tested three homes and two of them were priced outrageously, we wouldn’t be able to draw valid conclusions. However, by testing thirty-one homes, we can eliminate outliers. There are many possible sources of bias and error when testing a hypothesis with only sample of the population. In our case, we could simply omit homes that disprove our hypothesis. One reason for this is if we were working for a real estate company and they want to see which homes can make them the most money, and we know there are a lot of homes near the city center for sale. If we omit homes far away from the city that are selling for more, our bias has caused us to give false findings. Not all omissions are intentional. Sometimes errors are simply made in the research process. For example, with our research we could have included homes with any number of bedrooms. This would have resulted in data that may not have been practical for our research. For example, the complete data set included homes with up to eight bedrooms. If we were to compare that to a home with only two bedrooms the fact that either had a pool, or garage, or was close to the city would have been negligible. Again, we chose to only test similar homes in respect to number of bedrooms and bathrooms in order to prevent this error. It is necessary to collect primary data when a researcher cannot find the data needed in secondary sources. Some methods of primary research would include observation, postal surveys, telephone interviews, online surveys, face to face surveys, focus groups, and test marketing. Observation works well in retail markets. Observing consumer behavior provides many insights, although can sometimes leave unanswered questions. Postal surveys are great because they are relatively cheap with the ability to cover a wide geographical area. However, response rates are minimal and can take quite some time before any of the surveys are returned. Telephone interviews allow quicker feedback than a postal survey but any potential customers are usually hesitant on giving anything but short answers. Increasingly popular and at relatively low cost, surveys online are widely used by growing businesses as a way of gathering the views of potential and existing customers. Face to face surveys are sometimes costly, but a great way to get individual detailed insight, while focus groups are a good way of getting detailed information about customer preferences and tastes. Test marketing involves picking a small section of the market and selling a new product in order to assess customer reaction. This primary research can be a great predictor of how a new product or service will be received by the larger market. Primary research is the preferred research and conducted all of the time. National polls and surveys collect the population’s thoughts about proposals or particular political figures, journalists use it as their primary means of reporting events as well as news, and organizations collect data on their market trends and consumer base. When conducting research in professional or academic settings, the researcher needs to be aware of the ethics behind the research activity Ethical issues arise throughout any piece of all research. These issues often turn into political ones, and there are also close connections between issues around participation and ethical concerns. Ethical issues also have a tendency to turn into questions of trust. The researcher is the research instrument therefore the reader and/or user of qualitative research must be able to trust the researcher to have followed the proper procedures. There are quite a few key phrases which describe the system of ethical protections that medical research and the contemporary social establishments have created such as, voluntary participation, informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity, and rights to service, to better protect the research participant’s rights. When conducting research it is important to understand all stages of the research and apply good practices such as using unbiased sources and clear and ethical standards. Even when clear ethical standards and principles are in place, there will be times when the rights of potential participants runs up against the need to do accurate research. No set of standards can possibly anticipate every ethical circumstance. Furthermore, there needs to be a procedure that assures that researchers will consider all relevant ethical issues in formulating research plans.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Essay -- Reserach OSHA W

Occupational Safety and Health Administration PAST The Occupational Safety and Health Administration or OSHA is a part of the US Department of Labor, and was started in 1970 as part of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths by issuing and enforcing rules (called standards) for workplace safety and health. Since it’s inception it has helped to cut the incidents of workplace fatalities by sixty percent, and occupational injury and illness rates by forty percent. This presentation will present what OSHA has accomplished in the past, present and what it hopes to accomplish in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many reasons for the introduction of an organization like OSHA. In the 18th century workers, during the English Industrial revolution, People worked in the coal mines naked, because there was no governmental regulation. At the onset of the Industrial revolution in America there wasn’t much in the way of protecting it’s workforce either, from abuse by their employers. Unsafe working conditions and child labor was prevalent in industry. In 1884 the first agency designed to address labor issues was called the Bureau of Labor. At this time it was a part of the Department of the Interior, as there was no Department of Labor. The department of Labor was established as a cabinet level agency in 1913.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of the major changes to industrial safety since OSHA was established, are as follows. In 1970 they established the use of guards on all moving parts to prevent contact with moving machinery. Permissible exposure limits on air borne chemicals and dust particles. Also the emphasis on personal protective equipment in the work place. In the 1980’s OSHA started the Lockout Tagout program where businesses are required to put locks and tags on equipment that is in the off or deenergized state, while maintenance or repair work is being performed. In 1990 they instituted the confined space program to cut down on the number of deaths and injuries due to workers entering manholes, pits, bins and other confined spaces. They also instituted the Hazard communication process, or â€Å"Right to know†. This is a system of information readily available to workers on the chemicals used in the work place. PRESENT OSHA currently has 2,200 emplo... ...am will be tailored to suit the needs of the particular employer or workplace. To ensure success with these programs OSHA plans to improve collection, tracking and analysis of information. Then based on the analysis of the information OSHA plans to target new areas, and develop new training.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to meet the needs for additional training and implementing new plans OSHA must strengthen their infrastructure and capabilities. One part of this effort, which differs from past OSHA efforts, is using customer communication as an information source. Another major task to improve capabilities will be to conduct a comprehensive workforce skills assessment and enhance future technical competency. Another key element to future growth, is OSHA’s commitment to maintain Information Technology (IT) for a mobile workforce. This enables OSHA to deploy a mobile staff that maintains real-time communication with the central organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, OSHA has its hands full trying to keep up with technology and manufacturing processes. Wireless communications as well as computing have enabled the manufacturing industry to rapidly advance and it’s up to OSHA to do the same.

U.S. Holiday Shopping

Sales among U. S. stores went stronger than expected over the weekend causing a relief for most retailers who were expecting a bleak shopping period due to overall slowdown of the economy. However, even though the figures are up, signs of more troubles were evident. Apparently, the bargain prices which helped drove shoppers to buy were so shocking that some analysts predicted that these stores will see a much worse profit slashing from their sales in the long run. Most retail experts consider the Friday after Thanksgiving Day as the overall barometer of retailing performance for holiday sales which basically account for at least 25 percent of their annual sales. The very indicator for these retailers came out when ShopperTrak released a report indicating a 3 percent increase of sales last Friday compared with last year’s performance. Moreover, the National Retail Federation (NRF) added that shoppers spent at least 7% more this year compared to 2007 with an average shipper spending about $372. 7 from Friday through Sunday. According to Kathy Grannis of the federation, â€Å"It seems that not only did retailers do a good job of attracting shoppers but it seems that shoppers were also excited again to take part in the tradition of Black Friday weekend. † Friday’s store sales which ranged from 50 to 70 percent will not provide better profits for retailers in the long run experts said. It was such an indicator that â€Å"retailers are somewhat desperate to sell†, according to Hana Ben-Shabat, of A. T. Kearney's retail practice. NRF reported that 172 million shippers visited shops and online stores after Thanksgiving weekend which is up from 147 million shoppers last year. In general, shoppers bought low-cost items like clothes, DVDs, video game CDs and other accessories. Gift card were not as popular having a 10 percent decrease in sales.

Agricultural Practices

Agriculture has been practiced by men since time immemorial. Â  Practically speaking it refers to the process of producing crops that will feed the people and make them survive. Agriculture does not pertain to a single method alone, but over the years, there are evolutionsand innovations that this method of food production has undergone.Organic farming makes use of the natural processes of food production – from planting to harvest stage. Organic farmers make do with natural fertilizers like manure, compost, and residues instead of purchasing commercial fertilizers.Some benefits of organic farming include the prevention of soil erosion which is usually caused by the lack of nutrients in the soils, and empowering farmers to come up with their own natural production methods. On the other hand, some drawbacks raised by critics involve food and water contamination, poor quality of food, and even depletion of natural resources.Another farming or agricultural practice deals with fo od production which primarily intends to feed the family working on that land. This is subsistence farming. The farmer’s capacity is to provide only enough food for him and his family’s regular activities, but in worse cases, they still experience famine.Some strategies are being evaluated and conducted to determine if this farming practice can offer the farmers to produce more than what they need for economic purposes.With the advent of technology through continuous research, there now exists the modern agriculture practice. This type of agriculture greatly relies on engineering and technology. This also gave birth to the popular and controversial genetically modified foods (GMF) like rice, corn, vegetables, and fruits to name some.Issues and debates have been raised in support and in opposition to this breakthrough. Proponents maintains the belief that genetic engineering is the answer to the increasing population by producing in greater volume without risking the qu ality of food, while critics argue that the negative effects of these GMF, though not yet observable, will be noticeable on a long-term basis.Agriculturist and scientists must exert their collaborative effort in improving the agricultural systems along with protecting the health and safety of the natural resources and the consumers.Reference:Open-Encyclopedia. Retrieved, April 30, 2007, from http://open-encyclopedia.com/

The New SAT What You Need to Know

The New SAT What You Need to Know The New SAT: What You Need to Know Originally called the â€Å"Scholastic Aptitude Test,† the SAT is a standardized test used for college admissions in the US. Understanding the SAT is therefore essential for anyone looking to enroll at a US college. However, starting this month (or May 2016 for international students), the SAT has changed. And if you’re thinking of applying to college this year, you’ll need to know the difference. Main Changes In terms of structure, the new SAT still focuses on math and English skills, but with an ‘evidence-based reading and writing’ section replacing the separate writing and critical reading components of the old test. The essay component is now also optional and scored separately, rather than compulsory. Old SAT New SAT 1. Critical reading 2. Writing 3. Math 4. Essay 1. Evidence-based reading and writing 2. Math 3. Essay (optional) On top of these structural differences, some of the main changes include: Scores will now be given on a 1600 point scale (800 for math; 800 for reading/writing) instead of the old 2400 point scale Incorrect answers will no longer be penalized on multiple-choice questions Less focus on obscure vocabulary, more on understanding words in context and evidence-based reasoning Math component now only permits use of a calculator on some sections Preparing for the New SAT Since this new SAT differs significantly from the old one, it’s vital to prepare accordingly. This might involve: Learning the New Test Format The simplest and most important thing you can do before sitting the new SAT is learning exactly how it has changed; knowing the general structure and format of the SAT will allow you to focus your revision and ensures you won’t be surprised when the test day arrives. Honing Your Critical Reading The new SAT focuses more on evidencing your claims, critical analysis and understanding information in context (rather than answering sentence completion questions). This makes it essential to work on your reading skills as well as your vocabulary. Taking a Practice Test As ever with exams, the best way to prepare is taking a practice paper. For the new test, your best option is the Khan Academy Official SAT Practice site.

Prop, Props, and Props To

Prop, Props, and Props To Prop, Props, and Props To Prop, Props, and Props To By Maeve Maddox Facebook postings often educate me in current usage. A recent discovery comes from this comment about a television show called Shark Tank: Georges’ caring nature steals the show and the hearts of the judges.   It goes to show that character can never be undervalued or underestimated†¦Props to Paul Mitchell cofounder John Paul DeJoria for recognizing that. I was familiar with props as a shortening of several different English words, but this usage left me bewildered. NOTE: This post is for readers who, like me, have managed to remain ignorant of the expression â€Å"props to† until now. It is also for ESL learners who may not be familiar with other uses of prop. First of all, the word prop exists as a complete word in its own right, both as a noun and as a verb. The noun came first: prop noun: A stick, rod, pole, stake, or beam used as a temporary support or to keep something in position; in extended use, anything that serves to support something or keep it in place. A fruit-laden plant may need a wooden prop to hold its branches off the ground. Shakespeare used prop in its figurative sense in The Merchant of Venice. When the character Gobbo is told that his son is dead, the old man exclaims, â€Å"Oh no, God forbid! the boy was the staff of my old age, my prop!† From the noun came the verb: prop verb: To support or keep from falling by or as if by a prop; to keep in position with a prop, or with something used as a prop. A gardening site advises, â€Å"Learn to prop up your plants before they flop.† An op-ed writer asserts, â€Å"Government should not prop up greyhound racing.† The verb is often used with the particle up, but not always: â€Å"1 Billion IMF Loan Props British Pound.† The clipped form prop is used to represent different words. Proposition In the context of political writing, a proposed law, called a proposition, is often referred to as â€Å"a Prop†: â€Å"Opponents argue that Prop 47 will put thousands of criminals back on our streets without first ensuring they have been rehabilitated.† â€Å"Proposition betting† is a wagering term. A â€Å"prop bet† is placed on some contingency related to the game but it has nothing to do with which side wins or loses. Here are some prop bets that were made on the Super Bowl XLIX: Will Idina Menzel forget or omit at least one word of the official US national anthem? What will Katy Perry be wearing when she begins the halftime show? What color will Bill Belichick’s hoodie be? Proprietor An old-fashioned way to display the name of a shop owner on a sign or business card was to precede or follow the name with the abbreviation Prop. for proprietor: â€Å"H. W. Jones, Prop.† The abbreviation came to be used as a word to mean owner, as in â€Å"Who is the prop of this establishment?† Proprietary This is a Wall Street idiom. When a trader uses the firm’s own money to trade for currencies and commodities- as opposed to using depositors’ money- the operation is called â€Å"proprietary trading.† The term is often shortened to â€Å"prop trading† and the agent who does it is a â€Å"prop trader.† Here’s a recent headline from Business Insider: â€Å"A Prop Trader Explains His Work, His Salary, And Why Everyone Is Wrong About His Profession.† Propeller The word propeller to mean a device for propelling a machine dates from the 18th century, but the shortening prop for propeller dates to World War I when pilots started referring to airplane propellers as props. Nowadays, the word is more frequently used attributively to describe a certain kind of plane: â€Å"Angelina Jolie is well known for her love of aviation. And the mother-of-six indulged in her favourite pastime on Friday with a trip in the pilot seat of a small prop plane.† Property In the context of putting on a play, a prop is â€Å"an object used in a performance. Prop and props in the context of theater derives from property and properties. A prop usually seen in a performance of Macbeth is a cauldron. By extension, a prop can be any kind of accessory, as in this example from the OED: â€Å"Interspersedwere the other props of a traditional Jewish homea Purim megillah.† The props in the expression â€Å"props to† differs from all of these shortenings in that it telescopes a phrase: proper respects. In the quotation that introduced me to this expression, â€Å"Props to Paul Mitchell† means is â€Å"Congratulations to Paul Mitchell,† or â€Å"Good for Paul Mitchell.† The use of props in the sense of â€Å"due respect† appears suddenly on the Ngram Viewer in 1992 and shoots upward in a vertical line on the graph. The OED labels this use of props as slang, â€Å"originally in African-American usage,† and provides a citation from 1990: â€Å"I was one of the first female rappers, but Ive always gotten my props.†- Chicago Tribune Merriam-Webster defines props as â€Å"something that is said to publicly thank and give special attention to someone for doing something; credit or recognition.† Although props in the sense of recognition seems to have moved up from slang to colloquial, it is still not considered to be standard. In time, however, it may replace worn-out kudos. Related posts Word Clipping Kudo vs Kudos Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of Language50 Types of PropagandaA "Diploma" is not a "Degree"

Essay subject is Auditing and is about Applied Graphene Materials Plc

Subject is Auditing and is about Applied Graphene Materials Plc - Essay Example Failure by the auditors to give this view compromises the quality of the audit that is carried out. Audit risk includes any factor at the discretion of the auditor that may cause a material misstatement or even omissions in the financial statements of a company (Dotel, 2015). These risks may arise in different forms in the audit report and the financial statements. First, by an auditor failing to emphasize a matter that is of significance to the users of the financial statements in the audit report, audit risk arises. Secondly, an auditor may provide an opinion on the financial statements where no such opinion may be reasonably given as a result of the significant limitation of scope in the audit performance (Zuca, 2013). Audit risk is a component of three major risks namely, inherent risk, detection risk, and control risk. All these three risks are likely to be encountered while performing an audit. The auditor is therefore expected to assess the level of risk pertaining to each of the three components of audit risk. Inherent risk refers to the risk of material misstatements in a company’s financial statements due to the error of omission. The error of omission of key components of an audit in the audit report arises because of other factors apart from the failures of business internal controls. This component of audit risk is common in companies that have more complex transactions (Schwartz, 2013). Control risk refers the risk of a material misstatement in the company’s financial statements due the failure of operation of relevant controls in a business. In order to reduce the instances of fraud and error within an organization, there is the need for the companies to have proper inter nal controls. Control risk becomes high when a business does not have adequate internal control systems thus creating opportunities for fraud and errors in the financial statements. Furthermore, in order to prevent this

Limited companies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Limited companies - Assignment Example This type of company can be formed as partnership and there have to be a contract relationship amid the members as well as firm. However, there is no limit of maximum members in a limited liability company. This type of contract is considered as an agreement for a company and this agreement can be in the form of oral as well as in the form of written. This type of company can be managed by one or two members along with all the members of the firm. The person who manages the company to attain the goals is known as manager. In this form of company the manager can be one or more but it is not necessary that the manager should be a member of the limited company. This type of company helps the business tycoon to save their money as well as reduce the individual risk (Callison & Vestal 2010 280-285). The members of this company are flexible to do their internal work. It is witnessed that minimum of two members are required to establish this company. Limited Liability Company can be managed by its managers as well as members. The Limited Liability Company has all of the features for partnership as well as organization and this feature gives the chance to invest in a project. This company is a separate legal unit and works for a profit motive (Conaway 2012 pp. 32-35). The Limited Liability Company has number of advantages as well as disadvantages. The several advantages of this company include the liability of members is limited. Another advantage of the company is that in case of bankruptcy the obligation of the company is to pay back the debts to the debtors. This company is a separate as well as a different legal unit. This company is separate from its owners as well as members who are involved in it and this can be considered as an advantage. Tax advantage is another benefit for this company wherein the owner of business firm can reduce their individual risk (Muchlinski

How effective was the German U boat campaign of the First World War Essay

How effective was the German U boat campaign of the First World War - Essay Example However, as technology became more advanced, it also hindered the abilities of this submarine, as countries developed more sophisticated tools of war. The U-Boats were unique and diverse, and belonged to different categories. These played the major role for Germany in the First World War. Their capabilities lasted up to the beginning of the Second World War. This was after Germany’s enemies developed their own different ways of combating the U-Boats (Sondhaus 2011). This paper focuses on the roles the U-Boat campaign played in the First World War, its effectiveness, and ultimate failure. During the First World War, the submarine was seen as the main weapon in the war. The Germany U-Boat was the greatest challenge to the British maritime security during this war. In September 1914, a U-Boat sank three old British cruisers. In the month of October, the same year, a U-Boat again sank a state-of-the-art battleship. Subsequently, more British and French warships were sunk by the U- Boats in the following years. In May 1915, the HMS Triumph was equally sunk, among others. In December of the same year, U-Boat 38 facilitated the sinking of the P&O passenger liner SS Persia. While Britain and France used warships, Germany’s U-Boat campaign was a more effective strategy in the war (Williamson 2013). During the First World War, Germany and Britain used naval blockades to ensure that no ship from one country got access to the other country. Initially, the British succeeded at this, as their surface fleet could intercept Germany-bound ships. This case compelled Germany to utilise the U-Boats. In 1915, Germany adopted an unrestricted submarine warfare strategy. Since Britain relied on foodstuffs and weapons from Canada and America, which were transported across the Atlantic Ocean, Germany thought that this strategy could make British surrender from the war. Therefore, Germany was involved in the indiscriminate sinking of all ships, even those belonging to neutra l states. By use of the U-Boat, Germany succeeded in sinking numerous ships, risking the fact that it could add more enemies, apart from Britain and France (Herwig 1998). In May 1015, the U-Boat U-20, led to the sinking of the passenger liner Lusitania, leading to many deaths. Of the passengers on board, were 128 Americans, and 1,170 more passengers. This outraged America, which was neutral in the war during this period. THE U-Boats conducted further sinking of ships, and this resulted in a poor relationship between Germany and America. However, Germany decided to end the unrestrictive strategy in September 1915. This had already cause havoc to the affected countries, as the U-Boat campaign was effective in this. The U-Boat campaign of Germany managed to sink 750,000 tons of enemy’s shipping. However, this did not devastate the economy of Britain (Sheffield 2011). When Germany returned their unrestricted war strategy in September 1916, more havoc was done by the U-Boats. Duri ng this period, Germany invested in more manufacturing of U-Boats at a high speed. This led the U-Boat campaign to accomplish another sinking of 250,000 tons within the duration of a few weeks only. This led to the development of more tension between Germany and its rivals. Germany did not care if America, which was neutral, would be compelled to join the war (Sheffield 2011). In 1916, France and Britain defeated the Germany army. This led to Germany to conduct a few changes in

The Outbreak Of WWI An Accident History Essay

The Outbreak Of WWI An Accident History Essay The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand occurred on 28th June 1914. It can be argued that the Archdukes assassination has led to the idea that the outbreak of World War One (WWI) was an accident, an event that led to the greatest war the world had ever seen at that point. However, no single event can be solely responsible for causing such devastating consequences. There were other factors that led to the Great War, tensions that had been building for some time, a result of issues derived mainly from the past centuries imperialism and the rapid industrialisation that was changing the face of the world. Alliances between countries had been leading to and causing friction between European countries for quite a period of time, namely between the years 1879 and 1914. These alliances were key in factoring towards the outbreak of World War One. Furthermore, a complicated web of alliances across Europe was in place in 1914. The main alliances on either side were; The Triple Alliance (1882), which was an alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, which stopped Italy from taking sides with Russia and The Triple Entente that, was made between Britain, Russia, and France to counter the increasing threat from Germany. At the point of the outbreak of war, it was extremely clear who would be allied with one another. The building tensions between countries factored towards the outbreak of WWI, whilst the alliances in place throughout Europe contributed towards the size and scale of the First World War. Another key factor that contributed towards the outbreak of WWI was militarism. Countries competed were competing with one another in terms of military prowess. The period preceding WWI has been called ‘The Arms Race. In essence, the big four powers of Europe; Britain, France. Germany and Italy were competing to build the most effective battleship. ‘If Archduke Franz Ferdinand had been assassinated in 1904 or even in 1911, Herrmann speculates there might have been no war; it was the armaments race and the speculation about imminent or preventative wars which made his death in 1914 the trigger for war. Furthermore, the German naval build up is seen by some historians as the principal cause of deteriorating Anglo-German relations. The outbreak of the First World War occurred at a time of empires and imperialism. Furthermore, many of the economic causes of WWI can be attributed to a growing material dependency of advancing European nations on nationalism. France and Great Britain, for example maintained domestic economies and accumulated great wealth in the late 19th Century through trade, and their control of foreign resources, markets, territories and people. Moreover, Germany being a late arrival on the world stage, had a very modest empire compared to that of Britain or France. It was also locked out of the most valuable colonial regions in Africa and the Far East. There was also an upset in the trade balance with the rapid exhaustion of natural resources in many European nations. This exhaustion of natural resources made many nations eager to seek new territories rich in such resources. Out of this resentment intense rivalries developed between the emerging economic powers and the ‘great powers. Nationalism was another deep rooted factor that contributed to the outbreak of WWI. In Germany for example, Foreign Minister Bernhard Von Bulow adopted a policy called Weltpolitik in 1897. This policy aimed to seek ‘Germanys place in the sun commensurate with its rising industrial strength, namely by the creation of a colonial power to rival those of other powers. Furthermore, Germanys Weltpolitik policy contributed towards the arms race, another key factor in the outbreak of the First World War. When Wilhelm II became the new Kaiser in 1888 he had very different intentions for German diplomacy. Weltpolitik was essentially a plan that aimed to make Germany a large, strong and unbeatable empire in every possible way. The Agadir crisis was the international tension sparked by the deployment of a German gunboat to the Moroccan port of Agadir on July 1, 1911. The Agadir crisis occurred as a result of both imperialism and nationalism. The Triple Entente came into play during this cr isis with Britain at Frances aid as it had been in the first Moroccan crisis. Furthermore, on 21st July David Lloyd George delivered the Mansion House speech in which he declared that national honour was more precious than peace; ‘If Britain is treated badly where her interests are vitally affected, as if she is of no account in the cabinet of nations, then I say emphatically that peace at that price would be a humiliation intolerable for a great country like ours to endure The speech was interpreted by Germany as a warning that she could not impose an unreasonable settlement on France. Moreover the Balkan wars are commonly seen as an important precursor to WWI, to the extent that ‘Austria-Hungary took alarm at the great increase in Serbias territory and regional status. Germany also shared this concern, which saw Serbia as a ‘satellite of Russia. These events factored towards the outbreak of the First World War in the sense that Serbias rise in power contributed to the two central powers willingness to declare war following the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. However, in terms of a counter-argument it can be argued that the outbreak of WWI was an accident, as from surface value it appears to have been sparked by a relatively small event in comparison to the devastation and turmoil that occurred afterwards. On 28th June 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife Sophie, were assassinated in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. The assassins ultimate goal was the separation of Bosnia-Herzegovina and possibly other provinces from Austria-Hungary and attachment to Serbia to form a greater Serbia or a Yugoslavia. This event essentially led to a chain reaction influenced by the alliances between the main European powers. The alliances made prior to the assassination of the Archduke meant that countries were obliged to go to war. Thus, Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia in retaliation for the assassination; Russia intervened to help the Serbians. Germany joined forces with Austria-Hungary, and France and Britain wer e bought in as a result of The Triple Entente an alliance between Britain, France and Russia. So in conclusion, I personally believe that the outbreak of WWI was not an accident to any extent. It was a result of deep-rooted factors that had been building tensions for some time, sparked off by a single event (the assassination of the Archduke) If other factors such as imperialism, nationalism, etc, did not come into play then World War One would almost certainly never have occurred. The nature of the period itself, very much a period about incredible power and wealth, a result of rapid colonisation and industrialisation would have also been a leading factor towards the outbreak of World War One. Bibliography Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes Bond, The First World War and British Military History History on the net The causes of WWI Wikipedia The origins of WWI History on the net, The causes of World War One History on the net, The Causes of World War One Bond, The First World War and British Military History History on the net, The Causes of World War One Bond, The First World War and British Military History Wikipedia, The origins of WWI Wikpedia, The origins of WWI History on the net, The causes of WWI History on the net, The causes of WWI

Intramural Sports Essay -- Essays Papers

Intramural Sports Intramurals are an organization of sports teams created for students who seek the opportunity to play sports. Those who participate in intramurals range in age, ability, and gender. These sports teams allow students to play a sport they enjoy without committing to a varsity team. Intramurals are designed for everyone to have fun but still have a competitive edge. It is easy to get involved and learn about intramurals at the University of Dayton. There are many possible ways as a student at Dayton to get involved in intramurals. Involvement in intramurals gives the chance to not only play sports that are enjoyable, but also the opportunity to meet new people and develop a relationship with them. One way that many people get involved is through people they have met or already know. For example, someone you met the other day, or a friend from high school could ask you to sign up for their team. Another popular way to get involved is through the residence hall, and play on a team with the other people in your hall. After talking to people ...

Living and Learning: the Right to Salvation (the Scarlet Letter)

The Scarlet Letter is a novel about love and jealousy, sin and shame, passion and compassion. It is a tale of a woman named Hester Prynne, who engaged in adultery with the town minister, and as a result, bore permanent consequences from this sin throughout the remainder of their lives. While Minister Dimmesdale denied this sin and expressed his regret through shows of self-abuse and crippling guilt, Hester embraced her sins as past experience and learned from them in order to find her own identity. While the entire novel is rich with allegory and imagery, the conclusion to be drawn is this: Free will is God’s indispensable gift to humanity, and we must allow ourselves to be open to salvation in light of the choices we make. This theme is expressed through the necessity of sin to find knowledge, Hester’s embracing of the scarlet letter, the difference in the quality of life between Hester and Dimmesdale based on their coping mechanisms, and the very being of Hester and Dimmesdale’s daughter, Pearl. As stated, a major theme in the novel is that of free will and necessary acceptance of the consequences of one’s decision. Hester and Dimmesdale’s situation is comparable to that of Adam and Eve. Like Adam and Eve, the characters in the novel are made aware of their humanness through sin, that is, the realization that free will separates them from other creatures. Once expelled from society, or in Adam and Eve’s case, the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and procreate, the tasks that seem to define the human condition. The story of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. However, most significantly, it also results in knowledge. The knowledge of what it means to be human. The scarlet letter was intended by the Puritan elders to be a mark of sinfulness, and therefore, shame. However, for Hester, the scarlet letter is â€Å"her passport into regions where other women dared not tread†, leading her to â€Å"speculate† about what she had always known and explore her inner self more â€Å"boldly† than anyone else in New England. As for Dimmesdale, the â€Å"burden† of his sin gives him â€Å"sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrates in unison with theirs. † His most articulate, powerful sermons were derived from the sense of empathy ained from experience. Hester and Dimmesdale contemplate their own sinfulness constantly, and try to repent it with the way they live their lives afterward. The Puritan elders, on the other hand, insist on seeing sinful experiences as a mere obstacle on the path to heaven. Hence, they view life on earth as insignificant, and sin as a threat to the community that should be severely punished and suppressed. While they punish Hester and Dimmesdale, their Puritan society is stagnant, while Hester and Dimmesdale's experience shows that imperfection and life experience are not evil. They are necessary to personal growth and true, deep understanding of others. Hester realizes and expresses that sin is forgivable, and at times necessary, to achieve a true personal identity in earthly life. After Hester is publicly shamed and forced by her society to wear the scarlet letter as a badge of humiliation, she is unwilling to pick up and leave the town. Although she is free to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and doing so would allow her to remove the scarlet letter and live a life of quiet obscurity, she is unwilling to flee her â€Å"burden†. Hester even reacts with disappointment when Chillingworth tells her that the town fathers are considering allowing her to remove the letter. Hester's behavior is a result of her desire to find her own identity rather than to allow others to determine it for her. To her, running away or removing the letter would be an acknowledgment of society's power over her. She does not believe that the letter is a mark of shame and it is not something from which she desires to escape. She does not regret her action simply because she is told she should. Hester stays, refiguring the scarlet letter as a symbol of her own experiences and character. Her past sin is a part of who she is, and in her view, to pretend that it never happened would mean denying a part of her. Thus, Hester openly integrates her past sin into her life. Much unlike Hester, Dimmesdale is scared and ashamed of his past. His attempts to hide what he has done result in his life being a great deal unhappier than that of Hester, who is very candid about her past sins. This is a result of Dimmesdale’s struggles against a socially determined identity. Being that he is the minister of the community, he is often seen as more of a symbol than human being. With the exception of Chillingworth, those around the minister ignore his obvious anguish, instead interpreting it as a sign of holiness. Unfortunately, Dimmesdale never fully recognizes the truth of what Hester has known all along. Individuality and strength are gained by quiet self-assertion and not a rejection of one's construed identity. Pearl is the lovechild of Hester and Dimmesdale, the mark of their sin. In the novel, Pearl is predominantly a symbol. This symbolic role can be seen in her name. A pearl is the most perfect, innocent jewel. It is polished and defined in its shell by the roughness of the sand around her, and eventually will be released from the shell to become a beautiful, unique piece of jewellery. Throughout most of the novel she is quite young, and speaks relatively little. Her most significant contribution to the plot is the reaction she provokes in the other characters in the novel. She asks them blunt, direct questions and shows how ridiculous the denial, prejudice, and misdirection of the adult world really are. In the novel, Pearl is portrayed to be much more perceptive and honest than adults in the novel, despite (or due to) her youthful tactlessness. Pearl makes the readers and characters constantly aware of her mother's scarlet letter, and therefore, of the society that produced it. To Pearl, the scarlet letter is such a part of Hester that she does not recognize her without it. Pearl's innocent comments about the letter are surprisingly insightful, and raise significant questions about its meaning. Similarly, she inquires about the relationships between those around her [most importantly, the relationship between Hester and Dimmesdale] and offers her perceptive opinions of them. Pearl seems to be the only character to openly criticize Dimmesdale's refusal to simply admit to his adultery and move on. Once her father's identity is revealed, Pearl is no longer needed in this symbolic role. When Dimmesdale dies, she becomes a full human being, leaving behind her childhood naivety. Throughout the novel, the characters’ levels of contentedness are almost always inversely proportionate to their denial of their sins and themselves. God does not expect humans to be perfect. He is willing to forgive so long as we are ready to be forgiven. Hester and Pearl realize and acknowledge their imperfections, and revel in the knowledge that â€Å"perfection† leads to inertness, much like that of their Puritan society. Consequently, they live much better lives than that of Dimmesdale, who steadfastly denies his imperfections and spends incredible amounts of time punishing himself instead of getting on with his life. In light of the choices we make, we are always open to salvation. The only thing that can stop us is ourselves.