Business Management of Owning a Construction Company Essay Example for Free

Business Management of Owning a Construction Company Essay Claiming a development organization requires great arranging whereby the administration sets up a few measures to guarantee that an organization performs well to create enough cash that guides it run its tasks. Accessibility of surplus crude materials is one of the significant components to consider while dealing with a development organization. A development firm ought to have enough workers who offer administrations to clients and who work at the creation stage. Running a development organization necessitates that the administration think of a decent promoting procedure that permits the organization to draw in whatever number customers as could reasonably be expected to permit the association create enough pay to complete its exercises adequately. Keeping records in a sorted out way makes it simple for a development organization to make references and furthermore to dodge loss of information. Supervisors who plan their exercises carefully and appropriately in a development organization are in a superior situation of raising the benefit that the organization creates and to improve the nature of products and ventures that the firm offers. Meaning of Important Concepts The board is a typical term that this paper uses and it intends to receive successful measures as a pioneer that help to run an association in a viable way. The term development is additionally basic in this examination and it intends to think of tasks, for example, structures, extensions and streets utilizing qualified work force. Counterarguments Despite the fact that crude materials are fundamental in the running of a development organization, a few organizations need them because of poor administration which much of the time prompts the fall of a business. Other development organizations need enough workers and this makes the accessible laborers to strain with their work which much of the time brings down the result of development organizations. Absence of successful promoting methodology and absence of legitimate methods of record keeping likewise in numerous cases lead to the defeat of numerous development organizations since they can't create adequate pay from various clients and they experience disarray respectively.This report utilizes a nonexistent organization by the name of Davis Construction firm to explain the administration of possessing a development organization. As a component of its exercises, this development firm creates building blocks from mud soil, produces celling sheets that manufacturers fit inside ho uses, and furthermore recruits proficient bricklayers and other development planners to individuals or associations that need to think of structures. To accomplish its objectives, the administration of Davis Construction firm should consider a few measure that will assist it with running its exercises. Accessibility of Raw Materials As a matter of first importance, the director of this association must guarantee that there is a consistent progression of crude materials to empower the firm proceed with its creation. For this situation, the basic crude materials that Davis Construction firm needs are dirt soil to produce blocks, wood chips to fabricate celling board, and adequate water to do the blending procedure. Other crude materials that this association needs to create its merchandise incorporate synthetic concoctions that it uses to do its creation. A decent supervisor will complete an exploration on the best places to get the crude materials so the organizations doesn't encounter delays in its creation procedure. To guarantee a consistent flexibly of crude materials in a development firm, directors ought to have more than one wellspring of providers who convey crude materials to the organization. Having more than one wellspring of provider who gracefully a similar item is significant in light of the fact that this permits an organization to do its exercises consistently not to bother clients. In numerous occasions, questionable providers make business directors to consider elective ways getting crude materials to do an organization’s exercises (Alonso, 2007, p. 3). Another manner by which the director of this organization and some other development organization can guarantee consistent accessibility of crude materials is by setting up close by locales that create enough crude materials to run the exercises of an associat ion. For instance, to have a consistent gracefully of water, the supervisor can employ experts to come and burrow boreholes that will give surplus water to the firm at an a lot less expensive expense. Accessibility of Workers Compelling administration of a development organization calls for employing enough workers who help in running the organization’s exercises. An insightful administrator will accordingly, put measures to guarantee that the workers share work similarly and that they don't strain while doing their exercises. The workers in a development firm should fall into a few areas where every laborer participates in the movement of his specialization. By every laborer partaking in the exercises of his specialization, a development firm will accomplish precision in all the merchandise it produces and all the administrations it offers. To get workers of adequate information to complete their exercises, the administration of Davis Construction Firm should do a test while enrolling workers in the wake of learning their accreditations. Despite the fact that it is a typical event in numerous nations that development exercises draw in laborers with low instructive level (ILO, 2001, p. 12), it is significant for administrators to employ laborers with high capability to carry out their responsibility impeccably in order to think of items and administrations that fulfill customers’ needs. The administration ought to guarantee that laborers get adequate preparing to empower them complete their obligations with accuracy. As a method of improving the specialized abilities of their laborers, administrators should sort out educative workshops where different experts offer hypothetical and functional information to the laborers. Great chiefs step up of helping experts who show incredible capacity in their obligations acco mplish further preparing and furthermore to fill in as inspiration to the contractual workers. Administrators in a development organization ought to likewise take their laborers to visit diverse development firms in such a case that they neglect to do this, it will be difficult to contend well with other development firms. Promoting Strategies A development organization should embrace powerful advertising techniques that permits it to arrive at clients from various land areas. After extreme examination about advertising techniques, directors in development organizations, for example, Davies Construction Firm should think of an appropriate method of showcasing the products and ventures that the firm offers. To adequately arrive at clients from various districts, administrators who run development firms should embrace solid channels, for example, the web and distributions on the grounds that these two can convey such a great amount of data about an organization and are likewise ready to transmit data inside a brief timeframe. Upgraded innovation has improved correspondence and showcasing which has constructive outcome on between hierarchical relationship and correspondence (Avlonitis Karayanni, 2000, p. 442). Chiefs in a development firms ought to name certain individuals with the correct capability to deal with the companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s site and to take care of customers’ needs. In a business association, it is significant for supervisors to make a customers’ division wing to improve the nature of administrations and to fabricate a drawn out relationship with the clients (Rust, Moorman, Bhalla, 2010, p. 5). Record Keeping Supervisors who run development organizations ought to receive better methods of putting away crucial data. Great types of record keeping empower development organizations to make fundamental reference at whatever point clashes or errors happen. For instance, Davis Construction Firm can receive better methods of record keeping by utilizing PCs that can store enormous measure of information for an extremely significant time-frame. Individuals responsible for electronically putting away information must be sharp in their exercises to guarantee that the data remains for quite a while without getting lost (Trace, 2002, p. 138). Directors in a development firm ought to likewise embrace a method of keeping records that is anything but difficult to recover data. A portion of the fitting methods of keeping records in a way that is anything but difficult to recover incorporate utilizing sequential requests, putting away records as indicated by the subject and keeping records in understanding to desperation. End Administrators who run development firms should step up of helping the organization achieve its objectives. As a feature of their administration obligations, supervisors ought to have the option to concoct ways that guarantees a consistent and adequate gracefully of crude materials to empower the firm complete creation of products and enterprises constantly. An administrator ought to likewise have the option to guarantee that a development firm has enough laborers who help in completing the exercises of an organization in understanding to their zone of claim to fame. Thinking of a powerful advertising technique assists with arriving at clients from various districts and consequently, have the option to produce enough cash for the development firm. Most importantly, a director in a development firm needs to gadget powerful strategies for putting away indispensable data about past and current tasks of a development firm. References Alonso, E., et al. (2007). Material accessibility and the flexibly chain: Risks, impacts, and reactions. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Avlonitis, G., Karayanni, D. (2000). The effect of web use on business-to-business promoting: Examples from American and European organizations. Mechanical advertising the executives 29(4) 441-459. Global Labor Organization, ILO. (2001). The development business in the twenty-first century: Its picture, work possibilities and ability necessities. Geneva. Rust, R., Moorman, C., Bhalla, G. (2010). Reconsidering advertising. Harvard Business Review. Follow, B., C. (2002). What is recorded is never essentially ‘what happened’: Record keeping in Present day authoritative culture. Documented Science 2(7), 137-159.at is Recorded I

Information Technology free essay sample

This paper explores the job that data innovation plays in client assistance the board. (more)

Dont You Love a Good Job Search Success Story

Dont You Love a Good Job Search Success Story I love a good success story, don’t you? And, given my profession, I especially love a good job search success story. This week I heard two of them and I want you to be inspired by these two professionals who used their networks and their talents to land jobs they love! Success Story #1: Stay-at-Home Dad I met Winslow Yee at the Connect â€" Work â€" Thrive Conference where I spoke several years ago. He attended my presentation, “Traversing the Resume Gap.” Winslow was a stay-at-home dad and Human Resources professional who had not worked in his field for ten years! He had taken a huge risk by stepping out of the workforce for so long. To address his gap on his resume, Winslow chose to do what many are frightened to do: absolutely nothing. He listed his most recent position, Senior Employee Relations Specialist at a semiconductor manufacturing company, at the top of his experience section. This job had ended in 2003. Then Winslow started networking. His wife connected him with someone at a company that is now his employer of 9 months. Here’s Winslow’s summary of his strategy and the response he received: What I noticed was that some recruiters and interviewers missed the detail [of my gap] entirely and thought I was still working. So it gave me a foot in the door to talk with them before they filed away my resume. Im not sure it is a strategy I would recommend but it is what felt right to me. I think some of my interviewers (in particular women) were impressed by the decision I made to be a stay-at-home dad. During my interviews I conveyed my passion for coaching, teaching and mentoring  with examples of my  involvement in youth sports, school, church and scouting. This passion was a key factor in my prior success as an HR professional and was still fresh and current. Winslow also did address his gap in his cover letter. Following a convincing account of his experience and qualifications, he added this as his second-to-last sentence: At the end of 2003 I voluntarily left the workforce in order to devote more time to my family. I am now resuming my HR career. Winslow did not apologize for his choice and he did not hide it. His strategy worked. As he said, there’s no one-size-fits-all solution to a resume gap. But if you’ve been trying something that hasn’t been working, you might want to give Winslow’s strategy a try! Again, a central part of this strategy was asking everyone he knew whom they knew who could help him. It’s unlikely he would have found a position without having an inside lead on what became his new job. Success Story #2: Not-So-Passive Job Seeker Paul Elsass, according to his article The Day Apple Called Me to Interview, was minding his own business on LinkedIn when a recruiter from Apple called him to interview for a job. The next thing he knew, he was flying to Cupertino on Apple’s dime to talk to them about being the Lead Evangelist for the Apple Watch. He did not get that job, as Apple chose a candidate with better-matched experience. But it wasn’t long before another recruiter, whom he knows personally, tapped him for his current position at ShapeUp, which he calls “the best job I ever had”! Here’s Paul’s advice for getting your dream job (see The Day Apple Called Me to Interview): Expand your network beyond just the expected type of profiles you would normally look for. You might be surprised how folks with a variety of backgrounds can make great connections. Never rule out new discussions with people, even if it seems like it may be nothing that would immediately benefit your job or career. Keep in mind that conversations are about more than “what can it do for me?”…maybe it’s about what you can do for someone else. After you talk with new connections, store that information in your mental file cabinet. I cannot tell you how many times I have had past conversations, from years prior, resurface and become valuable in a current need. Keep your profile polished and up to date. You never know what phone call you might get tomorrow! I asked Paul some more questions and found out that the Apple recruiter also liked that Paul was publishing content regularly on LinkedIn Publisher. So don’t ignore the opportunity to put your ideas and writing out to the LinkedIn community! Success Depends on You What phone call would you like to get tomorrow? Are you doing everything in your power to get it? And do you have a job search success story to share? Please tell us all about it!

The Corruption Of Cairns Police Essay - 927 Words

Few doubted the ubiquitous corruption of Cairns police in the early years of the 20th century, with the local cops so notoriously crooked that even newspapers in far off Brisbane reported on their transgressions. When lawyer Percy Le Vaux represented property owner Peter Lumberg in an action against a watch-house constable for filching his watch during Lumberg s overnight incarceration, the Brisbane Truth saw light at the end of the tunnel, believing this spark would ignite the fire that brought the entire criminal edifice tumbling down. â€Å"So it has come, at last,† announced the paper. However, a magistrate dismissed the charge, and nothing changed. Undeterred, Truth continued to publish veiled allegations that the police took bribes from criminal overlords whose Sachs St enterprises included illegal gambling, sly grog shops, opium dens and whore houses. So, intent on quietening the annoying journalists, the Police Commissioner transferred north Inspector Herbert Rowland Pasley Durham, a senior officer of impeccable credentials, but again, nothing changed. Until 5th September 1905. On that date, a different inspector, the Inspector of Nuisances, discovered the aforementioned Lumberg hacked to death in the bush on the outskirts of town. Undoubtedly a stingy old bugger, the unmarried and wealthy Lumberg invested money made in the gold rush years in houses, which he rented out, though, not caring for the luxury of a house himself, he instead lived in a shed. In fact,Show MoreRelatedThe Corruption Of Cairns Police1202 Words   |  5 PagesFew doubted the endemic corruption of Cairns police in the early years of the 20th century, with the local cops so notoriously crooked even newspapers in far off Brisbane reported on their transgressions. 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Thereby, nations are moreRead MoreGlobal Business Environment - Case Study: Carrefour5517 Words   |  23 Pagessourcing locally using local suppliers. Moreover, institutions or agreements like the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade, The World Bank and The International Monetary fund can have a dramatic influence on retailers. They help manage, regulate, and police the global marketplace and thus provide the stability in the trading environment. Nowadays, economic power is hold by these supranational organizations. Moreover, through globalization, barriers between nations are reduced. Thereby, nations are moreRead MoreInternational Business Study Guide5732 Words   |  23 PagesSchool of Management 26 The Emergence of Global Institutions Over The Past Half Century, A Number Of Important Global Institutions Have Been Created To: ïÆ'ËœHelp Manage, Regulate Police The Global Marketplace ïÆ'ËœPromote The Establishment of Multinational Treaties To Govern The Global Business System (Cairns Sliwa, 2008) RMIT University School of Management 27 The Emergence Of Global Institutions: Actors In International Business World Trade Organization RMIT University UN Consists

The Merits and Pitfalls of Capital Punishment Today

Capital punishment is an age-old practice. It has been used in civilizations for millennia, and will continue to be used for millennia to come. Whether used for the right or wrong reasons, capital punishment is unmistakable in its various forms. From hangings, to firing squads, to lethal injections, capital punishment and the associated proceeding have evolved over time. There have been many arguments against capital punishment, many of which still hold true. As capital punishment has evolved over time, however, many of the most valid arguments have been proven all but null. Capital punishment still has its ethical and moral concerns, but as it has evolved over time these concerns have not necessarily become less valid, but fewer in†¦show more content†¦This would ultimately increase the national standard of living because the taxpayer dollars currently spent on prisons would be lessened substantially and those taxpayer dollars could be used on more pressing issues, such as making postsecondary education cheaper, or at least more accessible. Granted, this is in an ideal world, which we do not live in, however, it is reasonable to expect that capital punishment could be embraced to the point of becoming at least marginally more efficient than life in prison without parole and thus ultimately improve our country as a whole. In further attempting to promote the more widespread use of capital punishment as a primary form of punishment in the United States as well as other candidate countries, surfaces the idea that capital punishment is more humane than life in prison without parole. By definition humane is having or showing compassion or benevolence. By that definition the argument that capital punishment is more humane than life in prison without parole holds a reasonably high amount of merit. This is, of course, based on several variables and, as such, varies greatly on a case-by-case basis. Generally speaking, however, capital punishment itself is swif t and ultimately painless, and as such is very humane in its current state. Imprisonment,Show MoreRelatedLeaders , Are They Born or Made?3310 Words   |  14 Pagescompetency, intelligence, self confidence, future vision etc. But the above basis to identify leaders was leadership quality was very unsubstantial, and often led to contradiction. 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What Recycling Methods Do People in my Community Practice Free Essays

Statement of the Problem What recycling methods do people in my community practice in order to conserve our limited resources? Research Questions i. What recycling methods do people in Castries practice in order to conserve our limited resources? ii. How effective are these recycling methods to the people of Castries? iii. We will write a custom essay sample on What Recycling Methods Do People in my Community Practice? or any similar topic only for you Order Now What other methods can the people in Castries use to enhance conservation methods? Reasons for Selecting the Area of Research This area of research was selected because I believe that recycling can solve lots of environmental problems. It also helps in saving a lot of expense, required for the production of new products. People should be aware of those factors and should recycle in their community to conserve our limited resources. Method of Investigation To obtain information for my research, I used a method of investigation that is the most accurate and easiest way to collect information. The method I used was a questionnaire. A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Reasons for Selecting the Instrument This research instrument was chosen because it is an important tool in public research. If you get a number of persons to make a judgment of what most people think. It is also an easier way of finding information and cost less expense. Data Collection Instrument Cover Letter Dear participant, My name is __________ and I am a student of the _____________________. For my Social Studies SBA, I am researching on the topic recycling. I am inviting you to participate in this research study by completing the attached questionnaire. The following questionnaire will require approximately two days completing. There is no compensation for responding. In order to ensure that all information will remain confidential, please do not include name. If you choose to participate in this project please answer all questions as honest as possible. Thank You in advance for taking the time to assist me in my Social Studies SBA research. Yours Truly ___________ How to cite What Recycling Methods Do People in my Community Practice?, Essay examples

Olga Zheleznyakova Essay Example For Students

Olga Zheleznyakova Essay The show that I went to on November 17 was 42nd Street which is located at Ford Center for Performing Arts. The show opens with the curtain rising just high enough to reveal the lower limbs of a line of hard-driving tap dancers, their precise steps pounding out a beat that matches the rat-a-tat-tat of our hearts as we thrill to this audacious beginning. Then the curtain rises all the way up andwell, if were not transported back to 1933, we are at least on the real 42nd Street, where the Ford Center is prominently located. As the urtain rises on current touring production of 42nd Street, it seems to get stuck. It halts about a tenth of the way up, and all we see is a stage full of legs and feet, furiously tapping away. We can see the audition for the upcoming show Pretty Lady. Then we see how Peggy Sawyer arrives for her audition an hour late, yet still manages to get a job due to her undeniable talent. The rehearsals start off with difficulties, and the cast isnt prepared when Dorothy Brock, the lead actress, breaks her ankle. It seems like the show will not go on, unless they find a starlet with natural talent. And, of course, Peggy Sawyer is exactly who they need. All the character in this musical did unbelievable job in making this show more colorful and sparkling. Julian Marsh (played by Patrick Cassidy) is the director of a soon to be Broadway hit- he just has to bring there. His character in the only one in the show that displays layers and authenticity. I even think that without marsh the show would be devoid of real conflict or consequences. I even felt for a moment that Marsh breathed life and significance into a show. Marshas character is coupled with Nadine Isenegger in the role of Peggy. She is like a quintessential feel-good musical heroine-an unadulterated young girl with talent radiating from every inch. She shows up on Broadway to make her dreams come true. And by the end of the second act she does. In this show I think she represented vital part of making the show fly. She had a very tough role to make herself unbelievably loveable and to help the production to flow well, and thats what she did. But also the show wouldnt be as good without Maggie Jones and Bert Berry. They made this show humorous and very relaxing. Also, Blair Ross always draws laughs with her obnoxious tantrums as the past-her-prime actress, Dorothy Brock. During the show I was amazed how a proscenium was filled from side-to- side with tap shoes in perfect synchronization, sparkling smiles on every faces. I thought that the dance of the show was one of its greatest successes. From the moment the curtain lifts a mere two feet to reveal the ensemble tapping away at an audition, and immediately realized that this show will be a delightful trip back to the days when tap was the craze of the stage. Even despite physically demanding dance numbers, the casts drive to entertain the audience prevails. Also 42nd Street has the charm of classic musical comedy. The melodies are lovely and fun-loving. What also makes the music great are the gentle harmonies that pop up in surprising places. And it amazing how by adding the harmonies in places that you might expect the melody to simply carry through the song, it adds appeal to the music. Music made me feel like I was a part of the show. But there nothing can be that spectacular without lighting. .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae , .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae .postImageUrl , .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae , .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae:hover , .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae:visited , .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae:active { border:0!important; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae:active , .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf85e470b2295502bd5be04dddd69f0ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Are Americans Allergic to Traveling Abroad? EssayIt is the tandout piece of technological work for the show. It is great how directors designed footlights into the front of their stage and use them to stress certain moments of the show. Footlights are rarely used in current designs, but having them for the show is very appropriate and effective. It helped me to visualize the show more carefully and colorful. 42nd Street is the most realistic of the Depression era Busby Berkeley musicals. Berkeley made amazing musicals that defied gravity, time and space. However, the storyline behind this 1933 classic is based in ough reality. We see a driven, slightly mad musical comedy director bring to life a peppy stage revue. We see the drive, paranoia, disregard for self- being that drives all directors. We see the exhaustion, hell-on-earth the dancers have to go through in rehearsals. The glamour is hardly there! Set against the Depression, theres added bite in knowing that everyone on the payroll is working to survive; with these themes bonded together 42nd Street becomes more like a family album of outrageous relatives than an act of fiction. Thats an unbelievable feeling and experience to see the exact period of time (Depression) and what really was going during it and to learn it in school almost at the same time. This show got everything that I always wanted to see and could ever ask for- human drama, sets both technically and astonishing and pleasing to the eye, explosive musical numbers. The only thing that I saw during the show was a professionalism. And I am so grateful that students have such an opportunity to go and see it. I always wanted to see 42nd Street and my dream came true.

What black belt means to me Essays - Martial Arts, Sports

"What black belt means to me" When I first started taekwondo about 2 years ago I didn't want to do it, but my mom made me and now I am happy I didn't stop and I am now applying for my black belt. First I will talk about how a black belt should represent their school and art, then I will talk about some attributes a black belt should have, then I'll explain how I will better myself if I become a black belt. What black belt means to me is someone that has taken the time out of their life to put forth the effort to better themselves by working out at the school. A black belt is someone who is strong and courageous and tries as hard as they can, they keep going to make themselves better, for example when a black belt is sparring they may get tired but they keep going and show perseverance. A black belt helps the junior belts when they have a question about their form or one steps and they can answer their question without help from an instructor. Some attributes a black belt should have is being respectful of everyone not just senior belts, they should be respectful of their peers and everyone they meet. A black belt should understand the art that their instructor taught them and respect it. A black belt should represent their school and art in a positive way, some ways that a black belt could show this is by disciplining themselves, patience, honesty, and not hurting others by fighting or bullying. A couple ways i will represent my school and art is when I get my black belt I better myself by working out not just at my school but at the gym and at home either by practicing all of my poomsae and one-steps or just working out like doing squats, running, push up and sit ups. I will only defend myself if necessary. Everything I do will be to the best of my abilities and I will try hard at everything I do because with this new belt I have more responsibilities.

The Icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church †Research Paper

The Icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church – Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The Icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church Research Paper Objectively speaking, an icon is a two-dimensional work of art found in the Eastern Orthodox religion, often portraying religious figures such as Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and various saints. Obviously, icons (sometimes spelled ikons) are revered in this tradition, but their precise significance is often hard to understand. The very concept of religious images is, in fact, a broad area of concern, one that did not begin even with Christianity (Gerhard 8). However, the case within this specific tradition is a very unique one. In Eastern Orthodoxy, icons are religious works of art, which, although possessing a long history and complexity of manufacture, are centrally concerned with portraying a symbolic message and serving as a tool of worship rather than exhibiting any aesthetic value. The origin of religious concern for representative images does not lie with the Eastern Orthodox faith, nor did it begin with Christianity at all. The Mosaic law of Judaism contained a tenet which read, â€Å"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth† (Exodus 20:4). Although the English translation appears quite clear, in ancient Judaism, this commandment was a constant subject of argumentation, as many interpreted the word â€Å"image† as closer to â€Å"idol† than any literal image (9). The developing Christian world, however, was nurtured in a land influenced by more than Jewish tradition. The Greek attitude toward images and even image worship was quite favorable. Paintings and statues of their mythical gods and heroes covered classical Greece, while even Rome adopted the Greek imagery into the culture of its own people (12). In addition, the Syrian civilization introduced to the Mediterranean world its own artistic style of frontal poses and large facial features (Cavarnos 14). Israel, the birthplace and location of the ministry of Jesus, was the cradle of Christianity and was centrally Jewish, which usually rejected images unconditionally. However, Christianity was quickly becoming an expanding church, and its increasing acceptance forced Christians throughout the Old World to evaluate their stand on representative images (Gerhard 14). Among the Orthodox tradition, there exists a legend of the first icon, which began with Christ. John Stuart explains: Tradition has it that Abgar, King of Edessa, who was afflicted with leprosy, heard tell that Christ could restore him to health. He accordingly sent one Ananias as an ambassador to Palestine with instructions to find Our Lord and return with him to Edessa. When Ananias finally caught up with him, Christ was addressing a great throng of people. Being unable to approach nearer, Ananias began to sketch the face of Christ, although needless to say, with very little success. But Christ was aware of what Ananias was doing. When he had dismissed the crowds, he took a piece of linen; soaking it in water, he pressed it firmly to his face and then handed it to Ananias. When the latter had taken the towel into his hands, he saw that Christ’s features were clearly imprinted upon it. Christ declined to go to Edessa but promised to send a disciple after his death. And Edessa was to become, in fact, the first Christian state. Meanwhile, Ananias was instructed to take the towel to King Abgar, as a substitute for Christ’s presence. (31) Eventually, with the increasing influx of complete Mediterranean culture in the Christian world, images gained greater acceptance. In the Byzantine area (the region around Constantinople named for the old name of the city, Byzantium), the Christian imagery was mostly affected by the Hellenistic (Greek and Roman) and Syrian culture (Cavarnos 14). The central Hellenistic influence in Christian iconography was the art of mosaics. Early Christians used this technique to decorate the walls, floors, domes, etc of their churches. Syrian art effectively gave rise to the use of frescoes in Christian churches. The third type of icon- the panel icon- is the most widely used in Russia and most other regions of the Orthodox faith. It consists of a picture painted on a chalk-covered wooden panel treated with an egg solution, or tempera (17). The actual process of creating a panel icon is very complex. First, the icon-maker must go search for the correct type of wood. Cypress was used in Greece; birch and oak were often sought after in Russia, as well as was a good, sturdy pine from Siberia (Gerhard 208). After carving the panel into the correct size and shape with an axe or two-handed plane, it is stored away to remove its moisture. This process normally takes five or six years. After this period, gesso, or chalk, is ground onto its surface to prepare the panel for the next step. This step involves the draughtsman, who sketches the basic outline of the picture in charcoal. When this is completed, he removes the charcoal and paints the outline in a black-colored paint. After the fundamental outline of the image is complete, the surface is gilded with an egg-paste mixture to prepare it for the actual pigmented paint (Stuart 42). On the icon, the first sections painted are the background (such as buildings and nature) and the clothing of the subjects involved. Normally, gold ornamentation follows, which involves painting on sticky resin followed by the application of light gold sheets, after which the sheets are polished. Next, the icon-painter begins painting the subjects’ faces. These comprise the most precise skill on the part of the painter, who must endow the faces with the very spirit and life force of the subject in the picture. A layer of varnish, normally comprised of linseed or olive oil is applied. Finally, it is transported to a church for a blessing (Gerhard 210). The icon is then complete. The Byzantine art style is fundamentally different from the classic western style of realistic sketches and Renaissance-type paintings. The icon painter, as a member of this Byzantine tradition, approaches art with symbols in mind, rather than a realistic concept of some natural object (Stuart 25). Much like a Chinese calligrapher wanting to depict a tree in a work of writing composes a specific character meaning â€Å"tree,† rather than drawing any actual tree that he may see or conceptualize, the icon painter creates specific symbolic paintings that illustrate the various religious ideas wishing to be expressed. Truly, iconography is more concerned with symbolism than physical appearances. The object of an icon is to capture the spirit and meaning of what the image is trying to portray. Constantine Cavarnos maintains that â€Å"True iconography is intended to take us beyond anatomy and the three-dimensional world of matter to a realm that is immaterial, spaceless, timeless- the realm of the spirit, of eternity. And hence the forms and colors are not those that one customarily observes around him, but have something unworldly about them† (38). Indeed, these metaphors elicit associations and can give an extended message than what is possible in a work concerned with physical beauty and perspective exactness. It is of importance to note that the colors used in an icon are metaphorical rather than actual; icon colors often do not follow the color patterns in nature. Rather than making sure all the colors are in harmony with natural appearance, the icon painter will seek a harmony with the spiritual message in his art. Colors are very important for this harmony; each color symbolizes an aspect of the icon and gives a special meaning. For instance, deep red and royal purple are symbolic of the blood of Christ and are often used for the shoes of royal figures. Blue represents heaven and the ethereal. The greens and browns are usually used in familiar manners, representing the earth and vegetation- a reminder of our existence on this earth. From scarlet red comes vigor and vitality, a color used for the blood of martyrs and the cloak of St. George. Orange-red symbolizes the purification of the spirit. White suggests purity and colors the garments of Christ and his angels (28). To give a specific example of the abstract nature of icon art, the faces of the characters depicted always are turned facing the viewer- the person giving their respects and their prayers. This rule holds true regardless of the character’s perspective position in their environment (Upensky 60). In fact, not only are the heads facing the viewer, the important figures in the image have their entire body turned outward in this manner. The rest, the less important, are normally subject to the laws of three-dimensional perspectives. Additionally, where those significant figures are generally depicted as stationary, the rest are again interacting with their environment and are often moving (65). Superceding the hassle over the concern of the icon complying with the â€Å"hows† of natural laws and perspectives is the concern of why the natural laws work. This question of â€Å"why?† has always been a consideration for Byzantine religious artists. They do not comply with the classic paintings- those that depict photographically accurate settings; again, icons portray the religious nature and symbolism of their scenes (Stuart 36). A naturalistic painting may show Saint Peter as tall and powerful, completely in perspective with his environment, but an icon will depict him in an unrealistic-looking but completely symbolic and explanatory setting. Icons may be placed in any location, such as a home or shop, but the central location where they are situated is, of course, the church. When one enters an Orthodox church, immediately noticeable is the iconostasis- a giant screen, composed of wood or marble, that supports the panel icons. On top of the iconostasis is a large cross with the figure of the crucified Christ. In Eastern Orthodoxy, there is great significance given to the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist, whose icons are placed on the iconostasis to the right and left of Christ (Cavarnos 23). In most church buildings, icons cover most of the interior. As mentioned before, each icon portrays a religious message. When all the icons are displayed, the composite of the images inside the church gives the building an entirely new symbolism. The church is, in effect, a microcosm for the universe, where the iconographic messages reveal the universal plan of eternal salvation (Stuart 38). During church services, the icons are ritually given respect. The deacon of the church wields a censer and directs it toward the icons. This indicates to the congregation that they are to contemplate the icons and understand that the saints painted on the icons are participating in the service in a similar manner as the worshippers themselves (33). Icons in the Eastern Orthodox tradition serve several primary purposes. Most apparent to outsiders is their aesthetic value. They embellish and amplify the beauty of a church. Secondly, they instruct their faithful members in matters of doctrine, many times employing symbols that effectively surpass written doctrine (Cavarnos 30). Icons also remind these members of their faith. Their powerful message serves to remind and awaken the faith of the members of the church. In almost every instance, a saint or holy figure is portrayed on the icon. This serves to set an example for the members of the Eastern Orthodox faith. The righteous individual on the icon gives them a model with which to pattern their lives. This person on the image causes the member to be stirred up in faith and righteous zeal (32). Surpassing all other purposes, the icon is a conduit for prayer and worship (Stuart 29). Each member of the congregation is allowed to light a candle, come to an icon, and make the sign of the cross. They then will reverence the icon with a kiss and say a prayer (Ugolnik 45). The Eastern Orthodox Church makes it very clear, however, that its members are not worshipping the icon, but giving it â€Å"honorable reverence.† Worship is due only to God, and the icon is a medium through which that worship may be expressed (Cavarnos 33). This worship is the ultimate fulfillment of Byzantine iconography. Even with its extensive history and stunning methods of artistry, the sacredness of the icon surpasses all aesthetic and external value. The symbolism of the holy icon is truly the center of Eastern Orthodox worship. It allows its members to transcend their visible physical reality and enter into the ultimate reality, where spiritual truth is juxtaposed with material truth (Stuart 39). It allows one to comprehend the mutual dependence of matter and spirit and truly gives a perspective of far greater significance than the visible temporal universe that one is commonly allowed. Cavarnos, Constantine. Orthodox Iconography. Belmont, Massachusetts: The Institute for Byzantine and Modern Greek Science, 1977. Gerhard, H.P. The World of Icons. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1971. Stuart, John. Ikons. London: Faber and Faber, 1975. Ugolnok, Anthony. The Illuminating Icon. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1989. Upensky, Boris. The Semiotics of the Russian Icon. Lisse: The Peter DeRidder Press, 1976. Research Papers on The Icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church - Research PaperCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelGenetic EngineeringBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and Autumn

Developing an argument (gobal warming) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developing an argument (gobal warming) - Essay Example The argument I am going to build in this essay is that the global warming will not be a continuous phenomenon and that the mankind will handle this issue in order to secure the long term survival of our future generations to come and since global warming is a natural phenomenon therefore it will stop the same way it was started by the nature. Over the history of mankind, we have successfully battled the gore threats from nature which were threatening to our survival on the earth. These threats included floods, earth quacks, tsunamis, viruses etc and through all these, we, as mankind has successfully emerged as winners. It is simple human nature that we want to evolve and in that process we come up with innovations and methods which allowed us to handle these. Since the main causes of the global warming are greenhouse gas concentrations, therefore plantation of new trees and especially those that have the capability of absorbing heat can significantly contribute towards reducing the i mpact of global warming on the planet earth. Scientists have discovered that plants with short life cycles or quick growing plants like weeds have the capability to cope with the global warming.(sciencedaily,2007). Similarly corals adopt to cope with the global warming more than any other thing as the studies suggest that corals may be able to sustain the extreme heat by forming new relationships with their algae’s to take on more heat.(Hect,2004). What we as humans has to do is to continuously search and find out methods which can help us to cope with the global warming. Some studies have even suggested that the global warming has stopped and it is no more hurting the mother earth (Lynas, 2008). However there are concerns that the global warming may not be stopping and that it is a continuous phenomenon and will bring in the downfall of humans eventually. There is evidence which suggest that global warming still has to unfold however

Extraordinary economic growth has been part of the East Asian scene in Essay

Extraordinary economic growth has been part of the East Asian scene in the post WWII era - Essay Example Today South Korea is one of the wealthiest countries in Asia a major economic power in the world. Another name given to South Korea is ‘Miracle of Han River,’ its fast growing economy was mainly due to the export of high-tech goods. South Korea has one of the highest industrial and export production rate in the world. South Korea strongest industries include biotechnology, automobiles, construction, electronics, robotics, semiconductors, steel and ship building. Social and economic development of a country always goes hand in hand. A country’s economic development is linked to its social welfare and development. South Korea showed that a good understanding of economic facts and organizations usually involves a deeper interest in maintaining a sound society. The socio-economic development model used by South Korea made it enter the OECD in 1996 and become one of the worlds leading economic powers. Social development was prevalent in South Korea as it witnessed tremendous economic development. It went from ruins to riches. South Korea’s social development concentrated on the family, state and market. The South Korean model of social development is based on a type of society that is marked by strong inter-generational family solidarity, quasi full employment and poor participation of women. However, South Korea’s infrastructure, education system, lifestyle of the people, and the like improved tremendously over the years. The relationship between the United States and South Korea began since the formation of South Korea in after the Korean War. This has been one of the most intense and extensive relationship between countries. As South Korea grew economically its dependence on the United States began to reduce. Today South Korea does not depend much on the U.S., economically, politically and even in its military growth. By the late 1980s and early 1990s South

The Impacts of the Urban Tourism Industry

The Impacts of the Urban Tourism Industry Time has changed now, no one want be static people like to travel abroad to explore the world. It is in human nature to find more and more place to entertain him. The main reason behind this all revolution is; the life is becoming materialistic day by day. This trend is helping the many countries to grow their economic condition as well. Like in any country have historic places; now they are making these places more attractive to get more people visit those monuments. People visit different areas according to their on liking. Every city and country has various types of attraction for the visitors. As we can say people go to Egypt to see mummies. If we talk about London, London has lots historic and cultural places like museum, art galleries, monuments and forts. Keeping in accounts all these points tourism has become a growing industry now and every country is trying to promote its tourism industry. In this assignment we would try to analyse the definition of urban tourism and its impact. How the tourism industry is growing in the urban area. We selected the Edinburgh the city of Scotland. We would try to elaborate the history of tourism industry of Edinburgh. How they are planning to make it more attractive for future. We also tried to cover all the attraction of Edinburgh and all statistics regarding industry. Our main focus on the problem of tourism in Edinburgh. In this assignment, we shall try to find out problems and will give the conclusions and recommendations. 2. Urban Tourism:- The concept of urban tourism is very broad and it consists of all kinds of entertainment activities that are held in cities. The improvement of urban environment and the perfection of all kinds of services and facilities are all great attractions to tourists It consists of good and suitable transport links, well-blooming market, better trade and good atmosphere for shopping, latest and developed information and technology, great service and leisure, modern urban land rich urban culture. Therefore a lot of people decide different types of cities as a destination to spend their holidays and the urban tourism in those cities are well-known. (Zou and Tian, 2002) According to Colantonio and Potter (2006) the tourism that is held in urban area of the city is known as urban tourism. Urban tourism consists of different types of the activities. Different people visit urban cities for different purposes. They like to visit historical buildings, tourist attractions, landscapes, art galleries, special events, to see culture and heritage and for leisure purposes. Urban city also offers a lot of activities to increase tourism and attract the people. All those things are the characteristics of urban tourist. The image of the city is very important for all types of visitor, they (visitors) have a lot of expectations like the behaviour and attitude of the community. If it is positive, it attracts the visitors again and again. In this way, the tourism growth increases of that city. The cities change in public culture, architecture and design, education, urban planning, parks and leisure and public party which resulted from dramatic redevelopment of the citys central business and historic district. Urban tourism increasingly generates images of heritage and identify that are consumed as much by residents as by visitors. The cities where the tourism infrastructure and marketing are largely build up. (Chambers, 1997) 2.1 Impacts of Urban Tourism:- According to Law (2002) now a day, the urban tourism is growing rapidly in every country of the world. It is providing a lot of advantages to local people in many different ways. The tourism growth in urban areas has caused economic, socio cultural and environmental. They have both positive and negative impacts. According to Mak (2004) urban tourism has a wide range of economic impacts in urban areas. The community plays an important role to create more and more tourism in their city and in this their economies go up and they are the people who get benefits. The tourism and community depends on each other. When the growth of tourism increases, the more people who come to visit the city, they spend their money in different ways like accommodation, food, transportation, shopping etc. The positive impacts of urban tourism help to increase in local economy of the city and also increase the living standard of the people. The numbers of job created in local area in different sectors e.g. hotels, travel agencies, restaurant etc. It also helps to improve infrastructure of transportation and created much business opportunity in that area. There are some negative impacts of economy is in urban cities as well. In such type of city, it is very difficult to live because the living cost is too much because the rate of land and houses are very high. Sometime it causes the unemployment because of season tourism in urban city. People do not get minimum wages because of a lot of manpower is available. (Theobald, 2004) According to Holden (2008) when we talk of the environment, we talk of the surroundings such as soil, water, air, vegetation, wildlife and other scare resources. Everyday we are made aware of the environmental issues in the newspapers, on television or by observing our own surroundings. Pollution of the land, air, rivers and seas are just come of the issues that we are faced with. Tourism and environment are closely linked. When tourist visit urban area, they come to experience the environment and its natural beauty such as the sea, beaches, ancient sights, the wild life and the flora and fauna (vegetation). It makes sense to protect it. The positive impacts of urban tourism are as follows: All the natural environments attract the visitors to come in urban cities. The local authority tries to improve more and more natural resources in the city and improves the look of city as well. The negative impacts of environment on urban cities are given below: Every type of pollution increases in urban cities e.g. air pollution, noise distortion and water pollution. Natural lands are converted into the commercial areas; it is difficult to find landscapes and natural beauty. Shortfall of natural resources like water. According to Smith (2003) urban tourism has also impact socially. When a lot of visitors come to visit a particular area they leave social impacts on the region. The relation between visitors and residents get closer and when you go close to some one, you obviously influence to person which can be both positive and negative nature. The growth of tourism in urban city, attract but force as well to community to accept their culture and standard. The positive impacts of social and culture are as follows: It helps to improve living standard of people. The urban city provides a lot of attractions and well managed infrastructure of tourism. When tourists come to visit urban city they belong to different ethnicity and urban tourism provides a lot of resident opportunities e.g. get together with good and friendly people, to explore the knowledge about their countries or cities. The tourists encourage their historical sights and culture. Due to urban tourism, the local community learn a lot of positive things like the knowledge about world, different languages. Its helps people to understand different civilisation. The negative impacts of social and culture: In some countries drinking is not allowed but in tourism case people do drinking and it effect badly. It also indulges under age people in drinking. It disturbs the family structure of the place. Many negative changes take place in values and customs. Urban tourism also increases in crimes, usages of drugs and prostitution. 3. Edinburgh:- Edinburgh is Scotlands capital and most successful tourist destination. The Edinburgh is divided into Old Town and New Town. There are a lot of tourists attractions, rich museum collections, arts galleries. Edinburgh is the home to three national art collections and a number of galleries (Wordsworth, 2002). Edinburgh City (Source: www. travel.webshots.com) According to Shelby,(2007)Edinburgh is a beautiful and historical city of Scotland. Most of the traveller says that if you want to visit two cities of the Great Britain, one is London and second is Edinburgh. The city is known as for festivals. There is a lot festivals that held in the Edinburgh like films, books, comedy, drama, music, dance etc. Famous Edinburgh residents include Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling, who has become one of the best-selling writers in history and wrote her first book in one of the citys coffee shop. (Shelby, 2007) According to Parlett, Fletcher and Cooper (1995) Edinburgh is going through a process of change and centre of attention. This city plays a vital role in refocusing of tourism in Scotland. The main thing in Edinburgh is its attractions and heritage 3.1 Attractions of Edinburgh:- The main purpose of destination is to provide leisure and facilities to the visitors. A tourist destination needs to have variety of attractions, events and entertainment that are value for money and keep an eye on the requirements of the visitors. (Blackman and Stewart. 2005) Attractions have the ability to draw people to them and they are often the main motivation for travel. For example, if you think to about travelling to a destination, what is that makes it worth visiting? The beach? The shopping? All these examples of tourist attraction. There are many sightseeing attraction in Edinburgh that are given below; 1) Edinburgh Castle 2) National Gallery of Scotland 3) Royal Museum of Scotland 4) Edinburgh Zoo 5) National Gallery Complex 6) St. Giles Cathedral 7) Royal Botanic Garden 8) National War Museum 9) Scottish Parliament Visitor Centre 10) Our Dynamic Earth Calton Hill 11) Prince Street Garden 12) Georgian House 13) Museum of Childhood 3.1.1 Edinburghh Castle:- Edinburgh Castle Source: (www.michaelp.org, 2003) Edinburgh castle is situated in the centre of the city. Edinburgh castle is one of the most famous historic and most visited attractions. Ever year million of people come to see this historical attraction. If you go to Scotland and you do not visit this castle, it means that your trip is not complete. There are a lot of events held in this castle like fireworks, World Heritage Day and many more. (Wordsworth, 2002) 3.1.2 National Gallery of Scotland:- National Gallery of Scotland (Source: www.edinphoto.org.uk) This gallery is designed by William Playfair in 1850-1857. The gallery has a good collection of paintings, prints, drawing, photographs and books of history. The gallery displayed chronological are complemented by appropriate period furniture and sculpture. Everyday most of the visitors come here to visit this gallery. (Dailey, 2005) 3.1.3 Royal Museum of Scotland:- Royal Museum of Scotland (Source: www.nms.ac.uk) The royal museum of Scotland is one of the most visited attractions. This museum displays of arts and science in the grand victorian cast iron building. Exhibits include natural history, archaeology, costumes and decorative art from all around the world. There are some new galleries that provides the vast collection of Scotland and it people. (Blackman and Stewart. 2005) 3.1.4 Edinburgh Zoo:- Edinburghh Zoo (Source: www. travel.webshots.com) It was built by Royal Zoological Society of Scotland in 1913. Edinburgh Zoo is one of the most visited places in Edinburgh. There are lots of things to see inside the zoo like birds, mammals, reptiles and many more. The zoo has different types of animals that have come from different parts of the world. It attracts all types of age group. (Shelby, 2007) 3.2 Tourism Statistics of Edinburgh:- Edinburgh is the 2nd most visited destination in the U.K. every year a lots of domestic and international visitors come to visit Scotland and of course their first priority is to visit Edinburgh. Approximately 45% international tourists visit to Edinburgh if the come to Scotland. Many people visit Edinburgh because of its history and nearly 4 million people visit every year. The main reason behind this huge number of visitors the different type of festivals. Edinburgh is the second city in UK and fifth in Europe to generate revenue per room. Rooms to let in hotels are very high in UK is likely 76%. The tourism industry has a big contribution in the employment, the industry providing job approximately 31,000 people. (Source: www.edinburghguide.com. 15 April 2009) 3.4 The Edinburgh Festivals:- The Edinburgh festivals are well known in all over the world. It was started in 1947. There are a lot of festivals that held whole year. Million of people come to attend those festivals from all part of the world. (Whyte, 1998) According to Dailey (2005) the first three weeks of august is very important for international festivals. This month is filled with performers and entertainer that come from different areas of the world to perform and entertain the visitors in Edinburgh. Those festivals offer exhibitions, music, theatre and dance the famous musicians, artists, actors, singers, dancers and comedians come to Edinburgh to perform. Some of the most festivals are given below; The Festival Fringe Edinburgh Military Tattoo Hogmanay Science Jazz 3.4.1 The Festival Fringe:- Fringe festival is the world largest art festival. This festival held in August and presents dance, theatre and music shows that are preformed by good performers. The Fringe festival is a great gathering of artists, musicians, actors and comedians. 3.4.2 Edinburgh Military Tattoo:- Edinburgh Military Tattoo held in the castle Esplanade every year in August. It offers the music of the massed pipes and drums. Near about 0.2 millions people come to watch this festival. 3.4.3 Edinburghs Hogmanay:- Edinburghs second great festival is Hogmanay. The festival takes place Dec-Jan. Near about 0.5 million people attend this festival. It is the Scottish New Year celebration with a spectacular Fire Procession and fireworks, a carnival and open-air concerts running for several days. 4. Problems of Edinburgh:- There is no country or city in world that has not any problem. Those problems are directly affected to economy. The best way to sort out those problems and improve as much as we can. Edinburgh is a nice place to visit. It is a developed tourists destination Although Edinburgh has not too many problems but still some problems exist that are given below; 4.1 Edinburgh and Crime:- Security is very important for the growth of tourism. The regions where the tourism is very high, there would be also a negative aspect that it will also increase the criminality from. Prostitution, pick-pocketing, drugs and petty crime are very common problems in major tourist destination. Crime has always been a threat to travellers because people are vulnerable when they are away from their home. They may be carrying a lot of money and expensive things. They do not know too much about the area and surroundings. Tourist have always made easy picking for thieves, the thieves, know that when they will go back home, they will reclaim the theft on their insurance. (Blackman and Stewart, 2005) UK has many places to visit and Edinburgh is one of them. It seems very safe and quiet place for visitors actually, it is not that safe because it has lots of clubs and pubs in that area. It is safe to walk in this area but do not go in alley street. If you want to go there must be some people to around you. Ever tourist place has same negative factor with its all positive factors like Edinburgh. It is very clear tourism is a growing industry in Edinburgh, according to the statistics of Edinburgh tourism authority. But with the passage of time like other tourist place some fatal diseases are also coming to see. It is not only Edinburgh almost every tourist place. Like particularly. If we talk about Edinburgh people are being addicted to use of drugs. Due to open environment many other diseases like HIV also has been reported. Not only HIV been reported it is also going into dangerous figures. Moreover, the usage of cocaine and heroine has been come into records. There are well stable bodies who are managing all these activities. It is not only terrible for the people but also a challenge for the police as well to control all this. Source: (www.news.scotsman.com, 13 April 2010) According to Hanna (10 March 2010) recently, near about 60 people arrested which were involved in suspicious activities and the concerned bodies seized the assets of  £400.000 of those criminals. They had some drug and weapon too. The new town of Edinburgh is considered the high criminal area. This town is classified as the second in terms of crime in Scotland. It is situated behind the Amberdeen Union street. There are a lot of bars and nightclubs are increasing the numbers of crimes in this area. Due to high crime rate, 5274 offences have recorded in this area. Source: (www.edinburghhnews.scotsman.com, 14 September 2009) 4.2 Transport Problems in Edinburgh:- Transport plays very vital role in tourism industry. The good facilities of transport help to maximize the industrys potential. The transport links is very important in success of tourism product. The international visitors depend on the transport to get in the cities and attractions because they do not know about the destination too much. So, the first priority of the destination management is to provide good transport facilities and services. In this way they can explore more and more about destination. Most visitors have not too much time to spend in destination; they want to get in destination as quickly as possible. (Blackman, Smith, Rowe and Stewart, 2005) Infrastructure and transportation plays an important role in tourism of a particular area. Edinburgh is the second most visited city in United Kingdom. Every day a lot of people come to visit this city. The traffic growth is increasing day by day and it is creating more problems in Edinburgh. The economic growth of Edinburgh is increasing very rapidly from last a few years. This economic improvement has made a lot of positive and negative changes. The positive changes are, it created thousands of jobs, which are why lots of people travel to Edinburgh on a daily basis. They travel in cars and buses. The main roads of Edinburgh are very busy. Most of the travellers from different cities come to Edinburgh from different source of travelling like trains, cars, buses and aeroplanes. Most of them come in cars and buses which is causing congestion on the roads. That is why the congestion on the road has been increased and nearly it increased up to 60%. Source: (www.scottish.parliament.uk, 21 August 2002) The Scottish Govt took a step to resolve the diversion tram issues. This was a good step to handle all the traffic issues. But, there are some issues between the Scottish Govt. and the construction firm. The work has been suspended till the problem is resolved. All the utilities works mostly completed but the laying of tram are suspended. Source: (www.transportxtra.com, 10 March 2010) 4.3 Tourists Problems in August:- There is a lot of tourists attraction in Edinburgh. Tourists come to visit whole year. There is no particular time period for tourists. There are lots social and cultural festivals in the august of every year. These are very big festival and lots people come to attend these festivals form the whole world because of this massive attendance of people the tourism board of Edinburgh is unable to control the number of people that is why they close most of the tourist points and open them in Sundays. (Dailey, 2005) The second main problem is many people visit Edinburgh in August and they book the hotel and travel tickets. In the result the price of hotel rooms and tickets automatically goes up. Not only prices goes up but also unable to book room and travel ticket. The prices of other tangible item goes up as well. (Wordsworth, 2002) 5. Conclusions and Recommendations:- In conclusion and recommendations we need would focus to resolve the problem which the destination facing in the tourism industry. There are lots problem which need special attention to rectify for the enhancement of tourism. Although, tourism is growing in Edinburgh but the problems are also. The main problem is transport. The numbers of tourist are increasing day bye day but the transportation facilities are not enough to meet all the requirements. Infrastructure need to improve to provide better transport facilities. They can handle the traffic problem to apply the congestion charges on busy area. They should encourage visitors and local people to use public transport. The second main issue is crime, although, the crime is not high enough but when more tourist visit Edinburgh they have different nature and the nature can be any type. People are being addict of drugs. Tourists come to these places for maximum entertainment. When they come to these places they use alcoholic drinks and drugs. With all these issues the prostitution is also increasing and is becoming common. The pubs and night clubs open till late night and they cause problem for local residents. In August they arrange some international festival in Edinburgh and these event gives help to criminals to promote their activities. Edinburgh attracts the people to visit Scottish history. There are lots forts and monuments which represent the Scottish history. Every age group visit the Edinburgh like 10 to 70. There are many other attraction points are as well should be identified to visitors like Edinburgh castle and National gallery of Scotland. A big population of the world is consisting of senior people and they should do some thing to attract them as well. 6. Bibliography:- Whyte, D. (1998) Landmark visitors guide (Scotland), Landmark Publishing Ltd., Derbyshire Martine, R. (2008) Edinburgh, Apa Publication, Singapore Reid, D. (2002) The rough guide to Edinburgh, 3rd edition, Rough Guides Ltd., London Yeoman. I., Robertson, M., Ali, J. and Durmmond, S. (2003) Festivals and events management: an international arts and culture perspective, A Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford Maclellan, R. and Smith, R. (1998) Tourism in Scotland, Thomson Learning, London Stevenson, R., L. (2009) Edinburgh, Bibliolife LLC, U.K. Howie, F. (2003) Managing the tourist destination, Thomson Learning, London Vanhove, N. (2004) Economics of tourism destination, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford

Contemporary Diversity Issues in Communication

If there is one particularly adverse effect of globalization, that is the homogenization of culture and the subservience of minority or ethnic cultures and languages under the dominant one. It is a phenomenon that if allowed to continue unabated can lead to the extinction of minority languages and culture, which in effect can lead to the loss of the uniqueness that renders individuals with their own creative individuality. In a world that purports to celebrate diversity, it is ironic that communication seems to be leaning towards homogenization or standardization of forms.Globalization necessitates the need for the homogenization of communication because in an age of international businesses, language diversity can hinder trade relations and transactions. Using one form of communication facilitates interaction and leaves very little room for misinterpretation. Languages develop out of the user’s need to express themselves. As such, it is fair to say that all languages are equa l. This equality means that all languages, regardless of their characteristics and linguistic qualities, all meet the social and psychological needs of the users. (Crystal, 1987, p.6)They are tailor made to the unique circumstances of the people and culture that created them. In the face of unrelenting globalization, these unique languages and cultures are giving way to a standard form. The standard form imposes itself upon other languages in the form of linguistic prescription or prescriptive norms in culture, defining a standard form or ways of doing for a specific purpose or activity. Prescriptive norms serve as a controlling force that is exerted by the community over its members (Punder 2000, p. 141), and globalization imposes the homogenization of language and culture to facilitate communication and relations.While the usefulness and convenience of having a standard language or culture, particularly in a business environment, cannot be dismissed, this way of thinking brings to the table a lot of complications; not the least of which is stereotyping and its resultant complications like cultural and political discrimination. As John Fought (2007) once said, â€Å"Language has always helped to signify who we are in society, sometimes serving as a basis for exclusion. † The determination of the use of a standard language is largely a function of political and economic power, in an act of acknowledgment of a certain culture’s dominance over the rest.A standard form of language and culture will be of no use when there is no variation in the first place. There is a need to standardize because the diversity in our languages requires us to lessen the confusion and make for efficient transaction of our ordinary activities and important businesses. Because language is a fundamental aspect of culture, it is therefore only natural that we become defined or identified by our native language. Difficulties can arise if we are not fluent in the standard lan guage being used in a particular place.In such cases, when we do not know the standard form of communication, we are immediately labeled as â€Å"foreigners†, or not born native to the place, a label that carries with it an entirely new set of biases and stereotypes that limits the opportunities that would have otherwise been available to the individual. The need to conform is related to the prestige that is associated with being able to act and communicate according to the dominant language or culture. (Abrams et al 2005, p. 120) Related to the issue of race is the issue of social class.There are some people who have more linguistic powers at their disposal and are able to use this fluency to their advantage. (Bonfiglio, 2002, p. 12) Fluency in language often connotes good breeding and education. Conversely, if you have difficulties in the standard language, other people will consider it as a statement of weakness or lack of social status. Of course it should also be said th at the bias also goes the other way. In most third-world countries, those who speak a foreign language or have foreign accents are considered first class citizens and are given preferential treatment in all aspects of their functional activities.What we speak and how we speak, reflects our history as an individual. How we speak makes a statement about who we are as a person and a measure of who we could be Either way, these stereotyping based on one’s communication style is very counter-productive and corrosive to the individual. Aside from discrimination and stereotyping, homogenization of communication is also adversely affecting the rich diversity of our world’s languages, particularly on dialects.As prescriptive norms of standardized communication forms threaten the extinction of minority languages and dialects, it also slows language change. Language change is a natural process in the evolution of our languages. Language is constantly in flux, ever adapting to the needs and realities of the times. It ever-changing and shifting its form, evolving in a process that is very much akin to natural selection. Language change is not so much a preference over one language variant, but the removal of a language that is socially inappropriate or no longer useful, for some reason or another.  (Lippi-Green, 1997, p. 173)With the presence of a homogenized form of communication and culture, the normal evolution that should have taken place to strengthen local languages and make them constantly relevant has been forcefully suppressed by the imposition of a uniform language or code that is universal to all situations. In light of this, language change becomes almost unnecessary because the homogenized form of communication has removed the necessity for the local language to adapt because the change has been imposed artificially by the dominant culture.Globalization presupposes the interaction of various cultures. Over man’s collective history, cultu re exchange has resulted in the constant evolution of cultures as it gets constantly exposed to another culture. This is a two-way process that enriches the culture of all those involved. In a process called acculturation, a certain group of people imbibe new ways of doing without necessarily changing their distinct identity. Acculturation represents the adaptation of a certain culture to change but keeping their culture uniquely their own.However, in this age of homogenization, acculturation has come to mean the slow erosion and subservience of the ethnic culture under the dominant one. (Castro 2003, p. 19) Thus, acculturation can be considered as a process of culture change where the foreigners or minorities must adapt in order to survive. In other words, this refers to the homogenization of communication and culture in order to flourish in a global community. This discourse does not mean to present language and cultural homogenization in a bad light.In some cases, such homogeniza tion is truly necessary to facilitate communication and exchange similar to what a standard currency will do. What is important to remember is that a standard form of communication can be learned without having to sacrifice our own native languages and culture. Our ability to learn a language is elastic, and we can speak as many variations without necessarily affecting the other. To learn one form of language does not necessarily mean that we have to supplant the old one..In an era of globalization where the language of trade becomes the dominant form, the ability to communicate in the standard language is a definite advantage. However with that being said, the value of the mother tongue should never be forgotten. The respect that we have for our own cultural heritage renders us with our own unique identities. And in an era of globalization, where everything is being homogenized we need to hang on to that identity or stand to lose everything about ourselves that makes us special, an d thus indispensible to our community.

Cartoon Endorsement

Prepared by: Fariha Tazin, Lecturer, Faculty of Business Studies (Marketing) Proposed Title: CARTOON ENDORSEMENT: Efficacy on Kids Market Abstract: Kids are bombarded with various forms of promotional activities by marketers of food products. Today’s kids are very much aware of the fashion trend and who’s ever has taken them to market has been observed the marketing power of the popular cartoon characters. The purpose of this research study will be to find out whether cartoon strengthens children to buy more or not. Qualitative research approach will be used to carry out this research study.This study will set out to find the amount of influence that cartoon endorsers have on children. As there have been few academic literatures on the topic of the effectiveness and usefulness of cartoon endorsement in the field of advertising, It has been set as the main goal of this research studies to explore the weight of cartoon endorsement as a promotional technique in Bangladeshi markets. 1. Introduction: A child wakes up in his Disney character pajamas, rolls out of his Barney sheets, his toothbrush, toothpaste and perhaps even his soap covered in cute licensed characters.Gathering up his Pokemon cards and strapping on his Doraemon backpack, he heads off to school. But the Commercialism does not stop even in the schoolyard. Leveraging the endorsement of products by popular cartoons, as a marketing practice, is a common phenomenon. Cartoon endorsement concept has been derived from the idea of celebrity endorsement. The retailing segment is displaying immense business potential for these younger segments. Retailing for kids, be it branded or unbranded, has emerged as a tremendous market in Bangladesh.The kids retail market is immense, with a huge variety available in the clothing, accessories and footwear sections. Some of the products that are available in the kid’s accessories segment include fashion accessories, watches and even kids’ design er jewellery, not to mention toys, books, games, electronics, education aids. Dora the Explorer, Mickey Mouse and all the other staples of morning TV are part of the world’s greatest sales team — because when they’re on the package, kids start yelling for it. 2. Aim: to examine the effect of Cartoon endorsement on kids market. . Objective: a. To find out that whether there is a relationship between cartoon endorsement and the buying behavior of children. b. To analyze the benefits of having cartoon endorsement on products. 4. Research Questions: a. How retailers use cartoons on their variety of products? b. How kids respond to these endorsed products? c. How unbranded products are having benefited from this Cartoon endorsement of children market? d. Is there any negative outcome of this marketing that can badly affect children? 5. Literature Review:Advertisers often choose celebrities who are physically attractive allowing them to get benefit both from the statu s and physical appeal of different celebrities (Singer 1983). Most of the advertisements which get on air contain characters that are attractive. It has been observed that consumers often form positive opinions about such characters. Apart from this, it is seen that attractive communicators are doing well in changing the beliefs of the consumers (Baker and Churchill 1977; Chaiken 1979; Debevec and Kernan 1984) and increasing the purchase intents (Friedman et aI. 976; Petroshius and Crocker 1989; Petty and Cacioppo 1980) as compared to those characters that are unattractive. In one of the study by Story and French revealed that 75% of the purchase requests take place in a supermarket environment. 6. Methodology: The data will be collected using the questionnaires. For this purpose different school, neighborhoods and shopping malls will be visited to collect the data. This research will be conducted by taking the perspective of the parent’s that how they their children behaves when they encounter the cartoon endorsed product.The sample size for carrying out this research consisted of 50 respondents. 6. 1 Data Collection a) Primary Data Collection In this research study the primary data will be collected through survey questionnaires. For this purpose questionnaires will be distributed to those parents whose children lies between the ages of 3 to 8 years. So it is possible to define that age group of children who are dependent on their parents for buying decisions. b) Secondary Data Collection Secondary data will help us in determining the various dimensions of the variables under study.The secondary data for this research study will be collected from different journals, books, researches and websites. Mostly the data will be collected from previously published journals and researches. 7. Conclusion Young children, in particular, have difficulty in distinguishing between advertising and reality in ads, and ads can distort their view of the world. Additiona lly children are unable to evaluate advertising claims. Children represent an important demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents' buying decisions and they're the adult consumers of the future.Marketer tries to draw children’s attention through various means like TV, Magazines, Stickers, etc. Obviously attracted children by the marketing practices; get adversely affected most of the time. I expect this research to contribute to debates of the idea will be to find out the relationship between the cartoon endorsement and children impulse buying behavior, more specifically that whether those products are bought more impulsively by the children which have their favorite cartoon characters on them.References: Edward Martin, â€Å"Cartoon characters influence kids† [online], Health Revelations, 2009-2010 [cited July. 16, 2010], available from World Wide Web: http://healthrevelations. com/2010/07/16/cartoons-endorse-f ood/ a. AsimTanvir, † IMPACT OF CARTOON ENDORSEMENT ON CHILDREN IMPULSE BUYING OF FOOD: A PARENT’S PERSPECTIVE† The Institute [online], VOL 4, [cited JUNE, 2012], available from World Wide Web: http://www. ijcrb. webs. com. html b. Bellenger, D. N. , Robertson, D. H. & Hirschman, E. C. 1978. Impulse buying varies by product. Journal of Advertising Research. Vol. 18. No. 6, 15-18 c. Gardner, M. P. & Rook, D. W. 1988. Effects of impulse purchases on consumers’ affective states. Advances in Consumer Research. Vol. 15, 127-130 d. Bardia Yousef hakimi & Abed Abedniya & Majid Nokhbeh Zaeim . , â€Å"Investigate the Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Brand Image† European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X Vol. 58 No. 1 (2011), pp. 116-132,  © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011, available from the : http://www. eurojournals. com/ejsr. htm e. Aaker, D. A and Myers, J. G (1987), Advertising Management, 3rd edition, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc

Evidence Based Practice For Victims Of Human Trafficking

Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing for Victims of Human Trafficking Human trafficking, commonly known as modern day slavery, is a secretive crime that has generated billions of dollars worldwide and currently enslaves more than twice the total number of people involved in the 350-year African Slave Trade (Bates Soodalter, 2009 cited in Richards, 2014). Approximately 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders and 14,500 to 17,500 of those individuals are being trafficked within and across the United States border annually (Richards, 2014). Trafficked individuals experience many health issues and nurses are one of the first health professionals to be in contact with trafficked individuals during their captivity and upon their release (Holland, 2014). The researchers are gathering information to educate nurses on evidence based practice for victims of human trafficking and the key health assessment techniques. Providing community resources and patient and family educati on are topics that will be discussed pertaining to the nurse’s role in intervention. With the assistance of the Colorado Human Trafficking Council, the researchers were in contact with a local registered nurse involved and human trafficking advocate. The findings will be discussed. Definition Human Trafficking is defined as â€Å"the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion† (U.S. Department ofShow MoreRelatedThe Laws Of Sex Trafficking1286 Words   |  6 Pages There are many other types of trafficking other than the stereotypical 17-year-old girl. The most prevalent is labor trafficking. Traffickers exploit punishment through manipulation of laws. Even now, traffickers are causing psychological and sometimes physical damage on their victims. 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In a journ al article I read called â€Å"The Frequency of Burns Among the Victims of Sex Trafficking in Some Lower-Middle-Income Countries† by Mohsen Rezaeian, he wrote, â€Å"human trafficking can be considered as the mediator of modern slavery. Evidence suggests that human trafficking is going to surpass other varieties of trafficking including arms and drugs. It has been estimated that annually sex trafficking of youngRead MoreThe Admendations Of Adolescent Health1451 Words   |  6 Pagesclinical providers, workforce preparation, health insurance, and a research agenda for expanding our knowledge about adolescent health services (U.S. Department and Human Services, 2003 2009). The prevalence of injury and crime is decreased in communities that promote good health. Moreover, a hallmark of public health nursing practice is emphasized on primary prevention that is focused on health promotion and disease prevention of the population that they as healthcare professionals service the