The Impacts of the Urban Tourism Industry

The Impacts of the Urban Tourism Industry Time has changed now, no one want be static people like to travel abroad to explore the world. It is in human nature to find more and more place to entertain him. The main reason behind this all revolution is; the life is becoming materialistic day by day. This trend is helping the many countries to grow their economic condition as well. Like in any country have historic places; now they are making these places more attractive to get more people visit those monuments. People visit different areas according to their on liking. Every city and country has various types of attraction for the visitors. As we can say people go to Egypt to see mummies. If we talk about London, London has lots historic and cultural places like museum, art galleries, monuments and forts. Keeping in accounts all these points tourism has become a growing industry now and every country is trying to promote its tourism industry. In this assignment we would try to analyse the definition of urban tourism and its impact. How the tourism industry is growing in the urban area. We selected the Edinburgh the city of Scotland. We would try to elaborate the history of tourism industry of Edinburgh. How they are planning to make it more attractive for future. We also tried to cover all the attraction of Edinburgh and all statistics regarding industry. Our main focus on the problem of tourism in Edinburgh. In this assignment, we shall try to find out problems and will give the conclusions and recommendations. 2. Urban Tourism:- The concept of urban tourism is very broad and it consists of all kinds of entertainment activities that are held in cities. The improvement of urban environment and the perfection of all kinds of services and facilities are all great attractions to tourists It consists of good and suitable transport links, well-blooming market, better trade and good atmosphere for shopping, latest and developed information and technology, great service and leisure, modern urban land rich urban culture. Therefore a lot of people decide different types of cities as a destination to spend their holidays and the urban tourism in those cities are well-known. (Zou and Tian, 2002) According to Colantonio and Potter (2006) the tourism that is held in urban area of the city is known as urban tourism. Urban tourism consists of different types of the activities. Different people visit urban cities for different purposes. They like to visit historical buildings, tourist attractions, landscapes, art galleries, special events, to see culture and heritage and for leisure purposes. Urban city also offers a lot of activities to increase tourism and attract the people. All those things are the characteristics of urban tourist. The image of the city is very important for all types of visitor, they (visitors) have a lot of expectations like the behaviour and attitude of the community. If it is positive, it attracts the visitors again and again. In this way, the tourism growth increases of that city. The cities change in public culture, architecture and design, education, urban planning, parks and leisure and public party which resulted from dramatic redevelopment of the citys central business and historic district. Urban tourism increasingly generates images of heritage and identify that are consumed as much by residents as by visitors. The cities where the tourism infrastructure and marketing are largely build up. (Chambers, 1997) 2.1 Impacts of Urban Tourism:- According to Law (2002) now a day, the urban tourism is growing rapidly in every country of the world. It is providing a lot of advantages to local people in many different ways. The tourism growth in urban areas has caused economic, socio cultural and environmental. They have both positive and negative impacts. According to Mak (2004) urban tourism has a wide range of economic impacts in urban areas. The community plays an important role to create more and more tourism in their city and in this their economies go up and they are the people who get benefits. The tourism and community depends on each other. When the growth of tourism increases, the more people who come to visit the city, they spend their money in different ways like accommodation, food, transportation, shopping etc. The positive impacts of urban tourism help to increase in local economy of the city and also increase the living standard of the people. The numbers of job created in local area in different sectors e.g. hotels, travel agencies, restaurant etc. It also helps to improve infrastructure of transportation and created much business opportunity in that area. There are some negative impacts of economy is in urban cities as well. In such type of city, it is very difficult to live because the living cost is too much because the rate of land and houses are very high. Sometime it causes the unemployment because of season tourism in urban city. People do not get minimum wages because of a lot of manpower is available. (Theobald, 2004) According to Holden (2008) when we talk of the environment, we talk of the surroundings such as soil, water, air, vegetation, wildlife and other scare resources. Everyday we are made aware of the environmental issues in the newspapers, on television or by observing our own surroundings. Pollution of the land, air, rivers and seas are just come of the issues that we are faced with. Tourism and environment are closely linked. When tourist visit urban area, they come to experience the environment and its natural beauty such as the sea, beaches, ancient sights, the wild life and the flora and fauna (vegetation). It makes sense to protect it. The positive impacts of urban tourism are as follows: All the natural environments attract the visitors to come in urban cities. The local authority tries to improve more and more natural resources in the city and improves the look of city as well. The negative impacts of environment on urban cities are given below: Every type of pollution increases in urban cities e.g. air pollution, noise distortion and water pollution. Natural lands are converted into the commercial areas; it is difficult to find landscapes and natural beauty. Shortfall of natural resources like water. According to Smith (2003) urban tourism has also impact socially. When a lot of visitors come to visit a particular area they leave social impacts on the region. The relation between visitors and residents get closer and when you go close to some one, you obviously influence to person which can be both positive and negative nature. The growth of tourism in urban city, attract but force as well to community to accept their culture and standard. The positive impacts of social and culture are as follows: It helps to improve living standard of people. The urban city provides a lot of attractions and well managed infrastructure of tourism. When tourists come to visit urban city they belong to different ethnicity and urban tourism provides a lot of resident opportunities e.g. get together with good and friendly people, to explore the knowledge about their countries or cities. The tourists encourage their historical sights and culture. Due to urban tourism, the local community learn a lot of positive things like the knowledge about world, different languages. Its helps people to understand different civilisation. The negative impacts of social and culture: In some countries drinking is not allowed but in tourism case people do drinking and it effect badly. It also indulges under age people in drinking. It disturbs the family structure of the place. Many negative changes take place in values and customs. Urban tourism also increases in crimes, usages of drugs and prostitution. 3. Edinburgh:- Edinburgh is Scotlands capital and most successful tourist destination. The Edinburgh is divided into Old Town and New Town. There are a lot of tourists attractions, rich museum collections, arts galleries. Edinburgh is the home to three national art collections and a number of galleries (Wordsworth, 2002). Edinburgh City (Source: www. travel.webshots.com) According to Shelby,(2007)Edinburgh is a beautiful and historical city of Scotland. Most of the traveller says that if you want to visit two cities of the Great Britain, one is London and second is Edinburgh. The city is known as for festivals. There is a lot festivals that held in the Edinburgh like films, books, comedy, drama, music, dance etc. Famous Edinburgh residents include Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling, who has become one of the best-selling writers in history and wrote her first book in one of the citys coffee shop. (Shelby, 2007) According to Parlett, Fletcher and Cooper (1995) Edinburgh is going through a process of change and centre of attention. This city plays a vital role in refocusing of tourism in Scotland. The main thing in Edinburgh is its attractions and heritage 3.1 Attractions of Edinburgh:- The main purpose of destination is to provide leisure and facilities to the visitors. A tourist destination needs to have variety of attractions, events and entertainment that are value for money and keep an eye on the requirements of the visitors. (Blackman and Stewart. 2005) Attractions have the ability to draw people to them and they are often the main motivation for travel. For example, if you think to about travelling to a destination, what is that makes it worth visiting? The beach? The shopping? All these examples of tourist attraction. There are many sightseeing attraction in Edinburgh that are given below; 1) Edinburgh Castle 2) National Gallery of Scotland 3) Royal Museum of Scotland 4) Edinburgh Zoo 5) National Gallery Complex 6) St. Giles Cathedral 7) Royal Botanic Garden 8) National War Museum 9) Scottish Parliament Visitor Centre 10) Our Dynamic Earth Calton Hill 11) Prince Street Garden 12) Georgian House 13) Museum of Childhood 3.1.1 Edinburghh Castle:- Edinburgh Castle Source: (www.michaelp.org, 2003) Edinburgh castle is situated in the centre of the city. Edinburgh castle is one of the most famous historic and most visited attractions. Ever year million of people come to see this historical attraction. If you go to Scotland and you do not visit this castle, it means that your trip is not complete. There are a lot of events held in this castle like fireworks, World Heritage Day and many more. (Wordsworth, 2002) 3.1.2 National Gallery of Scotland:- National Gallery of Scotland (Source: www.edinphoto.org.uk) This gallery is designed by William Playfair in 1850-1857. The gallery has a good collection of paintings, prints, drawing, photographs and books of history. The gallery displayed chronological are complemented by appropriate period furniture and sculpture. Everyday most of the visitors come here to visit this gallery. (Dailey, 2005) 3.1.3 Royal Museum of Scotland:- Royal Museum of Scotland (Source: www.nms.ac.uk) The royal museum of Scotland is one of the most visited attractions. This museum displays of arts and science in the grand victorian cast iron building. Exhibits include natural history, archaeology, costumes and decorative art from all around the world. There are some new galleries that provides the vast collection of Scotland and it people. (Blackman and Stewart. 2005) 3.1.4 Edinburgh Zoo:- Edinburghh Zoo (Source: www. travel.webshots.com) It was built by Royal Zoological Society of Scotland in 1913. Edinburgh Zoo is one of the most visited places in Edinburgh. There are lots of things to see inside the zoo like birds, mammals, reptiles and many more. The zoo has different types of animals that have come from different parts of the world. It attracts all types of age group. (Shelby, 2007) 3.2 Tourism Statistics of Edinburgh:- Edinburgh is the 2nd most visited destination in the U.K. every year a lots of domestic and international visitors come to visit Scotland and of course their first priority is to visit Edinburgh. Approximately 45% international tourists visit to Edinburgh if the come to Scotland. Many people visit Edinburgh because of its history and nearly 4 million people visit every year. The main reason behind this huge number of visitors the different type of festivals. Edinburgh is the second city in UK and fifth in Europe to generate revenue per room. Rooms to let in hotels are very high in UK is likely 76%. The tourism industry has a big contribution in the employment, the industry providing job approximately 31,000 people. (Source: www.edinburghguide.com. 15 April 2009) 3.4 The Edinburgh Festivals:- The Edinburgh festivals are well known in all over the world. It was started in 1947. There are a lot of festivals that held whole year. Million of people come to attend those festivals from all part of the world. (Whyte, 1998) According to Dailey (2005) the first three weeks of august is very important for international festivals. This month is filled with performers and entertainer that come from different areas of the world to perform and entertain the visitors in Edinburgh. Those festivals offer exhibitions, music, theatre and dance the famous musicians, artists, actors, singers, dancers and comedians come to Edinburgh to perform. Some of the most festivals are given below; The Festival Fringe Edinburgh Military Tattoo Hogmanay Science Jazz 3.4.1 The Festival Fringe:- Fringe festival is the world largest art festival. This festival held in August and presents dance, theatre and music shows that are preformed by good performers. The Fringe festival is a great gathering of artists, musicians, actors and comedians. 3.4.2 Edinburgh Military Tattoo:- Edinburgh Military Tattoo held in the castle Esplanade every year in August. It offers the music of the massed pipes and drums. Near about 0.2 millions people come to watch this festival. 3.4.3 Edinburghs Hogmanay:- Edinburghs second great festival is Hogmanay. The festival takes place Dec-Jan. Near about 0.5 million people attend this festival. It is the Scottish New Year celebration with a spectacular Fire Procession and fireworks, a carnival and open-air concerts running for several days. 4. Problems of Edinburgh:- There is no country or city in world that has not any problem. Those problems are directly affected to economy. The best way to sort out those problems and improve as much as we can. Edinburgh is a nice place to visit. It is a developed tourists destination Although Edinburgh has not too many problems but still some problems exist that are given below; 4.1 Edinburgh and Crime:- Security is very important for the growth of tourism. The regions where the tourism is very high, there would be also a negative aspect that it will also increase the criminality from. Prostitution, pick-pocketing, drugs and petty crime are very common problems in major tourist destination. Crime has always been a threat to travellers because people are vulnerable when they are away from their home. They may be carrying a lot of money and expensive things. They do not know too much about the area and surroundings. Tourist have always made easy picking for thieves, the thieves, know that when they will go back home, they will reclaim the theft on their insurance. (Blackman and Stewart, 2005) UK has many places to visit and Edinburgh is one of them. It seems very safe and quiet place for visitors actually, it is not that safe because it has lots of clubs and pubs in that area. It is safe to walk in this area but do not go in alley street. If you want to go there must be some people to around you. Ever tourist place has same negative factor with its all positive factors like Edinburgh. It is very clear tourism is a growing industry in Edinburgh, according to the statistics of Edinburgh tourism authority. But with the passage of time like other tourist place some fatal diseases are also coming to see. It is not only Edinburgh almost every tourist place. Like particularly. If we talk about Edinburgh people are being addicted to use of drugs. Due to open environment many other diseases like HIV also has been reported. Not only HIV been reported it is also going into dangerous figures. Moreover, the usage of cocaine and heroine has been come into records. There are well stable bodies who are managing all these activities. It is not only terrible for the people but also a challenge for the police as well to control all this. Source: (www.news.scotsman.com, 13 April 2010) According to Hanna (10 March 2010) recently, near about 60 people arrested which were involved in suspicious activities and the concerned bodies seized the assets of  £400.000 of those criminals. They had some drug and weapon too. The new town of Edinburgh is considered the high criminal area. This town is classified as the second in terms of crime in Scotland. It is situated behind the Amberdeen Union street. There are a lot of bars and nightclubs are increasing the numbers of crimes in this area. Due to high crime rate, 5274 offences have recorded in this area. Source: (www.edinburghhnews.scotsman.com, 14 September 2009) 4.2 Transport Problems in Edinburgh:- Transport plays very vital role in tourism industry. The good facilities of transport help to maximize the industrys potential. The transport links is very important in success of tourism product. The international visitors depend on the transport to get in the cities and attractions because they do not know about the destination too much. So, the first priority of the destination management is to provide good transport facilities and services. In this way they can explore more and more about destination. Most visitors have not too much time to spend in destination; they want to get in destination as quickly as possible. (Blackman, Smith, Rowe and Stewart, 2005) Infrastructure and transportation plays an important role in tourism of a particular area. Edinburgh is the second most visited city in United Kingdom. Every day a lot of people come to visit this city. The traffic growth is increasing day by day and it is creating more problems in Edinburgh. The economic growth of Edinburgh is increasing very rapidly from last a few years. This economic improvement has made a lot of positive and negative changes. The positive changes are, it created thousands of jobs, which are why lots of people travel to Edinburgh on a daily basis. They travel in cars and buses. The main roads of Edinburgh are very busy. Most of the travellers from different cities come to Edinburgh from different source of travelling like trains, cars, buses and aeroplanes. Most of them come in cars and buses which is causing congestion on the roads. That is why the congestion on the road has been increased and nearly it increased up to 60%. Source: (www.scottish.parliament.uk, 21 August 2002) The Scottish Govt took a step to resolve the diversion tram issues. This was a good step to handle all the traffic issues. But, there are some issues between the Scottish Govt. and the construction firm. The work has been suspended till the problem is resolved. All the utilities works mostly completed but the laying of tram are suspended. Source: (www.transportxtra.com, 10 March 2010) 4.3 Tourists Problems in August:- There is a lot of tourists attraction in Edinburgh. Tourists come to visit whole year. There is no particular time period for tourists. There are lots social and cultural festivals in the august of every year. These are very big festival and lots people come to attend these festivals form the whole world because of this massive attendance of people the tourism board of Edinburgh is unable to control the number of people that is why they close most of the tourist points and open them in Sundays. (Dailey, 2005) The second main problem is many people visit Edinburgh in August and they book the hotel and travel tickets. In the result the price of hotel rooms and tickets automatically goes up. Not only prices goes up but also unable to book room and travel ticket. The prices of other tangible item goes up as well. (Wordsworth, 2002) 5. Conclusions and Recommendations:- In conclusion and recommendations we need would focus to resolve the problem which the destination facing in the tourism industry. There are lots problem which need special attention to rectify for the enhancement of tourism. Although, tourism is growing in Edinburgh but the problems are also. The main problem is transport. The numbers of tourist are increasing day bye day but the transportation facilities are not enough to meet all the requirements. Infrastructure need to improve to provide better transport facilities. They can handle the traffic problem to apply the congestion charges on busy area. They should encourage visitors and local people to use public transport. The second main issue is crime, although, the crime is not high enough but when more tourist visit Edinburgh they have different nature and the nature can be any type. People are being addict of drugs. Tourists come to these places for maximum entertainment. When they come to these places they use alcoholic drinks and drugs. With all these issues the prostitution is also increasing and is becoming common. The pubs and night clubs open till late night and they cause problem for local residents. In August they arrange some international festival in Edinburgh and these event gives help to criminals to promote their activities. Edinburgh attracts the people to visit Scottish history. There are lots forts and monuments which represent the Scottish history. Every age group visit the Edinburgh like 10 to 70. There are many other attraction points are as well should be identified to visitors like Edinburgh castle and National gallery of Scotland. A big population of the world is consisting of senior people and they should do some thing to attract them as well. 6. Bibliography:- Whyte, D. (1998) Landmark visitors guide (Scotland), Landmark Publishing Ltd., Derbyshire Martine, R. (2008) Edinburgh, Apa Publication, Singapore Reid, D. (2002) The rough guide to Edinburgh, 3rd edition, Rough Guides Ltd., London Yeoman. I., Robertson, M., Ali, J. and Durmmond, S. (2003) Festivals and events management: an international arts and culture perspective, A Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford Maclellan, R. and Smith, R. (1998) Tourism in Scotland, Thomson Learning, London Stevenson, R., L. (2009) Edinburgh, Bibliolife LLC, U.K. Howie, F. (2003) Managing the tourist destination, Thomson Learning, London Vanhove, N. (2004) Economics of tourism destination, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford

Contemporary Diversity Issues in Communication

If there is one particularly adverse effect of globalization, that is the homogenization of culture and the subservience of minority or ethnic cultures and languages under the dominant one. It is a phenomenon that if allowed to continue unabated can lead to the extinction of minority languages and culture, which in effect can lead to the loss of the uniqueness that renders individuals with their own creative individuality. In a world that purports to celebrate diversity, it is ironic that communication seems to be leaning towards homogenization or standardization of forms.Globalization necessitates the need for the homogenization of communication because in an age of international businesses, language diversity can hinder trade relations and transactions. Using one form of communication facilitates interaction and leaves very little room for misinterpretation. Languages develop out of the user’s need to express themselves. As such, it is fair to say that all languages are equa l. This equality means that all languages, regardless of their characteristics and linguistic qualities, all meet the social and psychological needs of the users. (Crystal, 1987, p.6)They are tailor made to the unique circumstances of the people and culture that created them. In the face of unrelenting globalization, these unique languages and cultures are giving way to a standard form. The standard form imposes itself upon other languages in the form of linguistic prescription or prescriptive norms in culture, defining a standard form or ways of doing for a specific purpose or activity. Prescriptive norms serve as a controlling force that is exerted by the community over its members (Punder 2000, p. 141), and globalization imposes the homogenization of language and culture to facilitate communication and relations.While the usefulness and convenience of having a standard language or culture, particularly in a business environment, cannot be dismissed, this way of thinking brings to the table a lot of complications; not the least of which is stereotyping and its resultant complications like cultural and political discrimination. As John Fought (2007) once said, â€Å"Language has always helped to signify who we are in society, sometimes serving as a basis for exclusion. † The determination of the use of a standard language is largely a function of political and economic power, in an act of acknowledgment of a certain culture’s dominance over the rest.A standard form of language and culture will be of no use when there is no variation in the first place. There is a need to standardize because the diversity in our languages requires us to lessen the confusion and make for efficient transaction of our ordinary activities and important businesses. Because language is a fundamental aspect of culture, it is therefore only natural that we become defined or identified by our native language. Difficulties can arise if we are not fluent in the standard lan guage being used in a particular place.In such cases, when we do not know the standard form of communication, we are immediately labeled as â€Å"foreigners†, or not born native to the place, a label that carries with it an entirely new set of biases and stereotypes that limits the opportunities that would have otherwise been available to the individual. The need to conform is related to the prestige that is associated with being able to act and communicate according to the dominant language or culture. (Abrams et al 2005, p. 120) Related to the issue of race is the issue of social class.There are some people who have more linguistic powers at their disposal and are able to use this fluency to their advantage. (Bonfiglio, 2002, p. 12) Fluency in language often connotes good breeding and education. Conversely, if you have difficulties in the standard language, other people will consider it as a statement of weakness or lack of social status. Of course it should also be said th at the bias also goes the other way. In most third-world countries, those who speak a foreign language or have foreign accents are considered first class citizens and are given preferential treatment in all aspects of their functional activities.What we speak and how we speak, reflects our history as an individual. How we speak makes a statement about who we are as a person and a measure of who we could be Either way, these stereotyping based on one’s communication style is very counter-productive and corrosive to the individual. Aside from discrimination and stereotyping, homogenization of communication is also adversely affecting the rich diversity of our world’s languages, particularly on dialects.As prescriptive norms of standardized communication forms threaten the extinction of minority languages and dialects, it also slows language change. Language change is a natural process in the evolution of our languages. Language is constantly in flux, ever adapting to the needs and realities of the times. It ever-changing and shifting its form, evolving in a process that is very much akin to natural selection. Language change is not so much a preference over one language variant, but the removal of a language that is socially inappropriate or no longer useful, for some reason or another.  (Lippi-Green, 1997, p. 173)With the presence of a homogenized form of communication and culture, the normal evolution that should have taken place to strengthen local languages and make them constantly relevant has been forcefully suppressed by the imposition of a uniform language or code that is universal to all situations. In light of this, language change becomes almost unnecessary because the homogenized form of communication has removed the necessity for the local language to adapt because the change has been imposed artificially by the dominant culture.Globalization presupposes the interaction of various cultures. Over man’s collective history, cultu re exchange has resulted in the constant evolution of cultures as it gets constantly exposed to another culture. This is a two-way process that enriches the culture of all those involved. In a process called acculturation, a certain group of people imbibe new ways of doing without necessarily changing their distinct identity. Acculturation represents the adaptation of a certain culture to change but keeping their culture uniquely their own.However, in this age of homogenization, acculturation has come to mean the slow erosion and subservience of the ethnic culture under the dominant one. (Castro 2003, p. 19) Thus, acculturation can be considered as a process of culture change where the foreigners or minorities must adapt in order to survive. In other words, this refers to the homogenization of communication and culture in order to flourish in a global community. This discourse does not mean to present language and cultural homogenization in a bad light.In some cases, such homogeniza tion is truly necessary to facilitate communication and exchange similar to what a standard currency will do. What is important to remember is that a standard form of communication can be learned without having to sacrifice our own native languages and culture. Our ability to learn a language is elastic, and we can speak as many variations without necessarily affecting the other. To learn one form of language does not necessarily mean that we have to supplant the old one..In an era of globalization where the language of trade becomes the dominant form, the ability to communicate in the standard language is a definite advantage. However with that being said, the value of the mother tongue should never be forgotten. The respect that we have for our own cultural heritage renders us with our own unique identities. And in an era of globalization, where everything is being homogenized we need to hang on to that identity or stand to lose everything about ourselves that makes us special, an d thus indispensible to our community.

Cartoon Endorsement

Prepared by: Fariha Tazin, Lecturer, Faculty of Business Studies (Marketing) Proposed Title: CARTOON ENDORSEMENT: Efficacy on Kids Market Abstract: Kids are bombarded with various forms of promotional activities by marketers of food products. Today’s kids are very much aware of the fashion trend and who’s ever has taken them to market has been observed the marketing power of the popular cartoon characters. The purpose of this research study will be to find out whether cartoon strengthens children to buy more or not. Qualitative research approach will be used to carry out this research study.This study will set out to find the amount of influence that cartoon endorsers have on children. As there have been few academic literatures on the topic of the effectiveness and usefulness of cartoon endorsement in the field of advertising, It has been set as the main goal of this research studies to explore the weight of cartoon endorsement as a promotional technique in Bangladeshi markets. 1. Introduction: A child wakes up in his Disney character pajamas, rolls out of his Barney sheets, his toothbrush, toothpaste and perhaps even his soap covered in cute licensed characters.Gathering up his Pokemon cards and strapping on his Doraemon backpack, he heads off to school. But the Commercialism does not stop even in the schoolyard. Leveraging the endorsement of products by popular cartoons, as a marketing practice, is a common phenomenon. Cartoon endorsement concept has been derived from the idea of celebrity endorsement. The retailing segment is displaying immense business potential for these younger segments. Retailing for kids, be it branded or unbranded, has emerged as a tremendous market in Bangladesh.The kids retail market is immense, with a huge variety available in the clothing, accessories and footwear sections. Some of the products that are available in the kid’s accessories segment include fashion accessories, watches and even kids’ design er jewellery, not to mention toys, books, games, electronics, education aids. Dora the Explorer, Mickey Mouse and all the other staples of morning TV are part of the world’s greatest sales team — because when they’re on the package, kids start yelling for it. 2. Aim: to examine the effect of Cartoon endorsement on kids market. . Objective: a. To find out that whether there is a relationship between cartoon endorsement and the buying behavior of children. b. To analyze the benefits of having cartoon endorsement on products. 4. Research Questions: a. How retailers use cartoons on their variety of products? b. How kids respond to these endorsed products? c. How unbranded products are having benefited from this Cartoon endorsement of children market? d. Is there any negative outcome of this marketing that can badly affect children? 5. Literature Review:Advertisers often choose celebrities who are physically attractive allowing them to get benefit both from the statu s and physical appeal of different celebrities (Singer 1983). Most of the advertisements which get on air contain characters that are attractive. It has been observed that consumers often form positive opinions about such characters. Apart from this, it is seen that attractive communicators are doing well in changing the beliefs of the consumers (Baker and Churchill 1977; Chaiken 1979; Debevec and Kernan 1984) and increasing the purchase intents (Friedman et aI. 976; Petroshius and Crocker 1989; Petty and Cacioppo 1980) as compared to those characters that are unattractive. In one of the study by Story and French revealed that 75% of the purchase requests take place in a supermarket environment. 6. Methodology: The data will be collected using the questionnaires. For this purpose different school, neighborhoods and shopping malls will be visited to collect the data. This research will be conducted by taking the perspective of the parent’s that how they their children behaves when they encounter the cartoon endorsed product.The sample size for carrying out this research consisted of 50 respondents. 6. 1 Data Collection a) Primary Data Collection In this research study the primary data will be collected through survey questionnaires. For this purpose questionnaires will be distributed to those parents whose children lies between the ages of 3 to 8 years. So it is possible to define that age group of children who are dependent on their parents for buying decisions. b) Secondary Data Collection Secondary data will help us in determining the various dimensions of the variables under study.The secondary data for this research study will be collected from different journals, books, researches and websites. Mostly the data will be collected from previously published journals and researches. 7. Conclusion Young children, in particular, have difficulty in distinguishing between advertising and reality in ads, and ads can distort their view of the world. Additiona lly children are unable to evaluate advertising claims. Children represent an important demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents' buying decisions and they're the adult consumers of the future.Marketer tries to draw children’s attention through various means like TV, Magazines, Stickers, etc. Obviously attracted children by the marketing practices; get adversely affected most of the time. I expect this research to contribute to debates of the idea will be to find out the relationship between the cartoon endorsement and children impulse buying behavior, more specifically that whether those products are bought more impulsively by the children which have their favorite cartoon characters on them.References: Edward Martin, â€Å"Cartoon characters influence kids† [online], Health Revelations, 2009-2010 [cited July. 16, 2010], available from World Wide Web: http://healthrevelations. com/2010/07/16/cartoons-endorse-f ood/ a. AsimTanvir, † IMPACT OF CARTOON ENDORSEMENT ON CHILDREN IMPULSE BUYING OF FOOD: A PARENT’S PERSPECTIVE† The Institute [online], VOL 4, [cited JUNE, 2012], available from World Wide Web: http://www. ijcrb. webs. com. html b. Bellenger, D. N. , Robertson, D. H. & Hirschman, E. C. 1978. Impulse buying varies by product. Journal of Advertising Research. Vol. 18. No. 6, 15-18 c. Gardner, M. P. & Rook, D. W. 1988. Effects of impulse purchases on consumers’ affective states. Advances in Consumer Research. Vol. 15, 127-130 d. Bardia Yousef hakimi & Abed Abedniya & Majid Nokhbeh Zaeim . , â€Å"Investigate the Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Brand Image† European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X Vol. 58 No. 1 (2011), pp. 116-132,  © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011, available from the : http://www. eurojournals. com/ejsr. htm e. Aaker, D. A and Myers, J. G (1987), Advertising Management, 3rd edition, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc

Evidence Based Practice For Victims Of Human Trafficking

Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing for Victims of Human Trafficking Human trafficking, commonly known as modern day slavery, is a secretive crime that has generated billions of dollars worldwide and currently enslaves more than twice the total number of people involved in the 350-year African Slave Trade (Bates Soodalter, 2009 cited in Richards, 2014). Approximately 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders and 14,500 to 17,500 of those individuals are being trafficked within and across the United States border annually (Richards, 2014). Trafficked individuals experience many health issues and nurses are one of the first health professionals to be in contact with trafficked individuals during their captivity and upon their release (Holland, 2014). The researchers are gathering information to educate nurses on evidence based practice for victims of human trafficking and the key health assessment techniques. Providing community resources and patient and family educati on are topics that will be discussed pertaining to the nurse’s role in intervention. With the assistance of the Colorado Human Trafficking Council, the researchers were in contact with a local registered nurse involved and human trafficking advocate. The findings will be discussed. Definition Human Trafficking is defined as â€Å"the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion† (U.S. Department ofShow MoreRelatedThe Laws Of Sex Trafficking1286 Words   |  6 Pages There are many other types of trafficking other than the stereotypical 17-year-old girl. The most prevalent is labor trafficking. Traffickers exploit punishment through manipulation of laws. Even now, traffickers are causing psychological and sometimes physical damage on their victims. Many companies are attempting to rid of trafficking within their plants, there are people working for cheaper rates, which, result in higher acceptance rates. In 2001, when Germany legalized prostitution, illegalRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Serious Violation Of Human Rights1639 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation, harbouring and/ or exercising control, direction or influence over the movements of a person in order to exploit that person, typically through sexual exploitation or forced labour† (Public Safety Canada, 2015). It is also called a modern form of slavery. According to one estimate about 2.4million people around the globe are traffic ked annually (Golbya, Sian Hsiang-Te Zacharias, 2015). In Canada alone, currently, 56 human trafficking casesRead MoreForced Labor And Human Trafficking1474 Words   |  6 Pagesand human trafficking are some of the forms of slavery in the modern day. Although the world has made several strides in ending human trafficking, several factors have played a big role in ensuring that trafficking is still carried on. The ILO describes forced labor as the work and services offered by a person unwillingly; on the other hand human trafficking is the transport and recruitment of people through coercion with the aim of exploiting them. The continual practice of human trafficking is attributedRead MoreAmericas Policy Priority Issue1729 Words   |  7 Pagesworldwide are trapped in some form of modern slavery (Grace et al., 2014). Of those victims trapped, only 25%-50% of human trafficking victims encountered health care professionals while in captivity, and were not identified and recognized (Grace et al., 2014). As health care professionals, it is important to be equipped with basic knowledge that allows one to recognize victims and properly manage cases of human trafficking. Thus, a policy has been created for policymakers to adopt that effectively educatesRead MoreThe Trafficking, The Victim s, And The Anti Trafficker s Perspectives1135 Words   |  5 Pagesethical values or respect for human rights. But why do criminals and criminal organisations traffic in humans? The reason is that it’s seen to be a relatively safe and very profitable â€Å"investment.† Their victims are seen as commodities with economic value. And of course traffickers argue that they are merely meeting a social demand. They know that the sex industry and cheap labour will always bring them fast and easy profits, which is what has made human trafficking one of the fastest-growing criminalRead MoreYoung Woman Who Are Hoping For A Better Life Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesopport unities, have limited education level, possess a history of abuse, have undocumented status, addiction, disability, and suffer poverty, illiteracy, or some combination of these characteristics. An example from the US Department of State â€Å"Trafficking in Persons Report 2013†; Liliana was unable to find a job in El Salvador when she decided to leave the country in search of work. A family â€Å"friend† promised to take her to the United States, but instead took her to Mexico. When Liliana discoveredRead MoreThe Article Child Trafficking Thailand : Prevention And Prosecution Challenges `` By Ross Michael Pink851 Words   |  4 PagesThe article â€Å"Child Trafficking in Thailand: Prevention and Prosecution Challenges†, published in 2013 by Ross Michael Pink, examines the intersect of poverty, marginalization and entrenched patterns of corruption of Thailand’s Police and Judiciary System, that enables an environment for child trafficking. Despite Thai land being a signatory of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC 1989), the country fails to comply to Articles 34 ad 35 of the Convention—that State Parties protectRead MoreA Research Article On Domestic Policies And The Legal Status Of Prostitution1383 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution Increase Human Trafficking† was authored by junior professors of economics Seo-Young (the University of Marburg, 2015), Alex Dreher who, is also member of Development Economics and International Economics (University Heidelberg, 2015) and at last a professor of Environment and Development Eric Neumayer ( London School of Economics and Political Science, 2015). Importantly, all the authors have conducted several researches related to economics of crime, human trafficking, cyber crime andRead MoreSex Trafficking And Its Effects On Society1416 Words   |  6 Pagescalled sex trafficking (shared hope). In other words, it is another name for sex slavery. In a journ al article I read called â€Å"The Frequency of Burns Among the Victims of Sex Trafficking in Some Lower-Middle-Income Countries† by Mohsen Rezaeian, he wrote, â€Å"human trafficking can be considered as the mediator of modern slavery. Evidence suggests that human trafficking is going to surpass other varieties of trafficking including arms and drugs. It has been estimated that annually sex trafficking of youngRead MoreThe Admendations Of Adolescent Health1451 Words   |  6 Pagesclinical providers, workforce preparation, health insurance, and a research agenda for expanding our knowledge about adolescent health services (U.S. Department and Human Services, 2003 2009). The prevalence of injury and crime is decreased in communities that promote good health. Moreover, a hallmark of public health nursing practice is emphasized on primary prevention that is focused on health promotion and disease prevention of the population that they as healthcare professionals service the

Of Mice and Men Essay on Loneliness - 1318 Words

Honors English 9 10 March 2014 Of Mice and Men Literary Analysis Essay on Loneliness â€Å"Actually, feeling lonely has little to do with how many friends you have. It s the way you feel inside. Some people who feel lonely may rarely interact with people and others who are surrounded by people but don t feel connected† (Karyn Hall 2013). Truthfully, loneliness is something almost all people fear. It s a deeper feeling then just being isolated. It s feeling distant or disconnected from others. Loneliness is so much more than just feeling secluded, it s feeling rejected by society, or even like an outcast. In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck suggests that there is a deeper meaning to being lonely than just the superficial sense of†¦show more content†¦He tells George that he does not have any relatives, so he would be able to give all of his money to him and Lennie. That is if they let him in on their dream to buy their own house. This shows just how bad Candy wants to get out of that ranch and that h e will do anything to not be lonely. Loneliness is shown through Candy because he feels like he does not belong and because he has no other friends except his dog, so he feels secluded from the others. An additional character who portrays loneliness throughout the book is Curley s Wife. She feels lonely and isolated because nobody wants to be around her in fear of Curley seeing them with her, so she thinks that she has no one to talk to; this leads to a deep, fathomless feeling of loneliness. When she finally does find someone she can talk to, she mainly talks about how she hates the ranch because nobody ever talks to her. Another favorite topic of hers is to talk about how lonely she is all of the time. â€Å"—Sat day night. Ever body out doin som pin. Ever body! An what am I doin ? Standin here talkin to a bunch of bindle stiffs—a nigger an a dum-dum and a lousy ol sheep—an likin it because they ain t nobody else† (Steinbeck 78). This is the par t of the novella when the reader stops thinking of Curley s Wife as a â€Å"tart† (Steinbeck 28) who â€Å"gives the eye† (Steinbeck 28) to every man she sees; rather,Show MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men Loneliness Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay: ‘Soledad’ means loneliness. Why is this relevant in ‘Of Mice and Men’? The relevance of ‘Of Mice and Men’ being set in the town of Soledad comes from the parallels drawn between the meaning of the name ‘Soledad’ and the deeper sense of loneliness expressed through the characters of the novella. The symbolism of the loneliness that is associated with the town of Soledad establishes an underlying sense of loneliness in all characters. The author uses a variety of techniquesRead MoreOf Mice Men Loneliness Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Of Mice and Men Loneliness Essay Loneliness is an impossible fact of life that nobody can avoid especially during the Great Depression. In the novel, Of Mice and Men, a novella by John Steinbeck shows that in the early 1930s – during the Great Depression – was a period of great loneliness of men and women, therefore people are driven to find friendship in order to escape the loneliness. But barely anyone find the right companionship while a lot of them were still lonely even if they found theirRead More Of Mice And Men Essay On Loneliness1267 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck looks at the theme of loneliness as it affects many characters on the ranch. Crooks, Curleys wife, and Candy are the most excluded characters on the ranch, because they all have dreams that they will not be able to live out and they all are at loss when it came to companionship. Crooks is lonely because he is the only black man on the ranch. Since this book is set during the Depression, Jim Crow laws are still in effect, whites and blacks had separateRead MoreOf Mice And Men Loneliness Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Loneliness â€Å"I think cruelty is loneliness disguised in bitterness† (Thomas W. Hiddleston). This quote expounds how the lack of company and friends can potentially lead you down a path of heartlessness, and despair. In the story Of Mice and Men, you follow the duo George and Lennie in their quest to achieve the American dream. John Steinbeck utilizes his story Of Mice and Men to show how the loneliness of the characters leads to their cruel actions, he exposes this through the charactersRead More Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay2202 Words   |  9 PagesLoneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men       Mother Theresa once said, Loneliness is a mans worst poverty. Without friends and companions, people begin to suffer from loneliness and solitude (Dusenbury 38). Loneliness is an inevitable fact of life and cannot be avoided, as shown prevalent through each of the characters in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men. Each and every character in this novel exhibits loneliness. Lennie was isolated for being mentally handicapped, Candy was isolatedRead MoreOf Mice and Men - Theme of Loneliness Essay609 Words   |  3 PagesOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is book of many themes; one that is very prominent is loneliness. Loneliness is common in many peoples lives and that is also true for the lives of the characters of the book. Almost all characters in the book are lonely in one way or the other. The main characters of the book are George and Lennie. Even though these two seem to have each other, they are both lonesome in a way. Lennies mental retardation isolates him from many people. George is the only personRead More Loneliness in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesPersonally I believe that this statement is true in every aspect. Loneliness is a big part of the book Of mice and men. The book shows loneliness in every ones life in the book. The quote says Guys like us George is talking about the ranch workers by saying us we know they are all lonely because they all show signs of loneliness, they try to fight this by making friends I think that in the book Steinbeck tries to show us that loneliness can be resolved by friendship. George blames Lennie for himRead MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by Steinbeck Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by Steinbeck John Steinbeck wrote â€Å"of Mice and Men† in the 1930s. It is set in California and shows us life for migrant workers at this time. The book describes how lonely life can be. In the book there are different kinds of loneliness. The different types described are Isolation which means that you are kept separate from others because you have an illness just like being in quarantine. Solitude is another type of loneliness which meansRead MoreThe Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Loneliness in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, is set in the farmlands of Salinas Valley in California during the 1930’s. At this time there was a world wide depression caused by the Wall Street crash in America. John Steinbeck was born and brought up in Salinas California, he had lived and experienced a life of a migrant worker and that is what inspired him to write this novel (novella?). This meant he could paint a lot Read MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck This book is set in a deserted, lonely country. The individuals in the story are isolated by particular features such as age, sex, disability and race. They appear to relate to each other, however, each is essential trapped by their situation. In the end they are unable to help each other to escape their loneliness or to escape their own fate. Of Mice and Men is set in the farmland of the Salinas valley, where John

conflict management styles Essay - 559 Words

Conflict Management Styles nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;How many people have conflicts with there parents? This is not a uncommon thing for young adults to show conflict with their parents. Conflicts are something that occur very often and it seems as though young adults have lots of conflicts with their parents. Some young adults feel as though, if they are eighteen, nineteen, or twenty that they are able to make their own decisions. Whether it be staying out past curfew, borrowing the car, or staying over a friends house, the young adult or teenager doesn’t see eye to eye with their parents and this is where the conflict comes into play. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In this paper the conflict†¦show more content†¦The Collaborating tactic may be used when your whole objective on the conflict is to learn. Also it is a good idea to use the Collaborating tactic when you want to work through feeling that have interfered with the relationship with the other person in the conflict. Competing tactic is excellent when you want to cut the through all of the non sense and get to a resolution of the conflict quickly. When quick decisive resolutions are very important, or when people attempt to disagree with you and your right without a doubt. The last tactic that Rahim and Magner talk about is the Compromising tactic. This is good for when, goals are important to you but they are not worth all the trouble they may cause. To achieve rather quick and easy resolutions to rather complex disagreements nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;So, next time there is a conflict with your parents, try to use the accommodating, collaborating, competing, compromising or even avoiding tactic to resolve the problem so both parties feel satisfied. Bibliography: Dumlao, Rebecca. Botta, Renee.†Family communication patterns and the conflict styles young adults use with their fathers.† Communication Quarterly. Vol. 48 no. 2 Spring 2000: 174-189. Endres, Thomas G. :Father-daughter dramas: A Q-investigation of rhetoricalShow MoreRelatedConflict Of Conflict Management Styles1690 Words   |  7 PagesMany people do their best to avoid conflict at all costs, but it is an occurrence that everyone must deal with from time to time. Understandable, the avoidance of conflict is glamorous, however learning how to handle the conflicts can make them seem less bothersome. Learning how to manage conflict is a key factor in becoming a manager and the execution of that learning can be very different from manager to manager. Shanker (2013) describes conflict management styles as an equation involving the dispositionRead MoreConflict Management Styles1081 Words   |  5 PagesConflict Management Styles Myron Harris 09/30/2012 CJA/444 Allen Cole Conflict Management Styles Conflict usually occurs when individuals within a group or organization has differences in opinions. When individuals are in a disagreement about something like policies and procedures or even the overall direction of which an organization or company is heading it can become very frustrating. As we all know conflict the process of conflict usually begins when an individual or party has perceivedRead MoreWorkplace Conflicts And Conflict Management Styles2734 Words   |  11 Pages Workplace Conflicts and Conflict Management Styles Greg Jefia MBA 5213 Dr. Edwards December 12, 2014 â€Æ' Introduction Conflicts in the workplace and interpersonal relationship are inevitable. Organizational conflict is common in the workplace because people always have divergent views on various issues, interests, ideologies, goals, and aspirations (Deutsch, 1990). Conflict exists in all kinds of environments because people compete for power, jobs, resources, security and recognition. People whoRead MoreConflict Management Style With Others1444 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Management Style When considering your conflict management style with others, be it; personal or professional, we tend to use the style that seems appropriate to the conflict. Managing conflict is a difficult task that we all face during our life time, but becoming aware of your own characteristic style could help determine why conflicts result exactly the way they do. It helps determine what is a healthy outcome, or not? Each circumstance is different! Interpersonal conflict is veryRead MoreConflict Management : The Styles And Outcomes Of Managing Conflict1541 Words   |  7 PagesConflict Management: The Styles and Outcomes of Managing Conflict in Modern Society Corbin Metz University of Oklahoma Communication is an obligatory aspect for the existence of human life. In our society today, conflict is managed through various styles, some leading to more positive outcomes than others. Although many people attempt to not confront conflict and rather avoid the issue, which may cause it to worsen, it is an aspect that every person willRead MoreConflict Management Styles Among Corporate Executives1161 Words   |  5 Pagesprevious researchers’ efforts and expertise. A potential research study on â€Å"Conflict Management Styles among Corporate Executives in Developing Countries – Nigeria a Case Study† is considered for a signature assignment. Conflict is inevitable and exists everywhere. In organizational system, conflict and methods of conflict management influences different groups (employees, management team and executives). Conflicts are realities of life and can be defined as a â€Å"situation of competition in whichRead MoreConflict Management Styles Among Corporate Executives1161 Words   |  5 Pagesprevious researchers’ efforts and expertise. A potential research study on â€Å"Conflict Management Styles among Corporate Executives in Developing Countries – Nigeria a Case Study† is considered for a signature assignment. Conflict is inevitable and exists everywhere. In organizational system, conflict and methods of conflict management influences different groups (employees, management team and executives). Conflicts are realities of life and can be defined as a â€Å"situation of competition in whichRead MoreConflict Management Styles At The Individual And Little Gathering Level961 Words   |  4 Pagesunasked and unanswered: Is there any confirmation that conflict cultures exist at the authoritative level? How do such unmistakable conflict cultures create? How do leaders shape the advancement of conflict cultures? What are the results of conflict cultures for authoritative level results? Answers to these inquiries can t be found in the psychological literature on conflict, which has for the most part centered around conflict management styles at the individual and little gathering level. In thisRead MoreConflict Between Conflict Management Styles885 Words   |  4 PagesConflict Conflict is defined as â€Å"a struggle or contest between people with opposing needs, ideas, beliefs, values or goals† (Popovic and Hocenski, 2009, p. 15). As a manager or leader, you take on the responsibility as a problem solver. Thus,  knowing how to resolve a conflict that respect each individual that is involved shows the ability to deal with conflict. Conflict management styles is being able to manage conflict in a functional manner (Satterlee, 2013).   Ã‚  According to Satterlee (2013) theRead MoreEssay on Conflict Management Styles 1166 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is known to be inseparable in all human interactions. In any organization, role differentiation acquires the different uses of conflict handling styles. Work direction, reward, supervision, discipline and performance review also involve the use of conflict handling styles. Organizational change and control is also viewed from a conflict perspective. In attempts to explain the nature or dynamics of a particular organizational phenomenon, conflict may be incorporated as a causal factor (Brown

Three key scenes in the Crucible Essay Example For Students

Three key scenes in the Crucible Essay Act: 1 At the start of page 16, Mary Warren and Abigail are talking. During this conversation John Procter enters the room. As Mary Warren sees John Procter, Mary Warren leaps in fright. From this we can see Conclusion that Mary Warren is scared of John Procter. Without having to say anything Mary Warren says, Oh! Im just going home, Mr Procter. Procter is furious, he had told Mary not to leave the house and she did. He then says that he his looking for Mary more than his cows implying that she is more arrogant than his cows. Mary then replies, I only come to see the great doings in the world. She says this an act of fear. She is scared of Proctor. Proctor, still furious threatens to whip Marry across the arse, if she doesnt go home at that moment and help Elizabeth, Johns wife with the housework. The aggression works, she slowly leaves the room to go to Elizabeth. Mary is also present in the room. She is also scared as well as well as being attracted by John Procter. We get to know this as the author describes Mercy as strangely titillated. After, John walks towards Betty, who at this moment is lying in bed, as Abigail interrupts by saying how she forgot how strong John Proctor is. By hearing John Procter is irritated by what Abigail has to say and doesnt have the faintest suggestion of a smile. He then asks, What the mischief here? He wants to know what she is trying to imply him. She replies that shes gone silly/mad somehow. At this moment Procter comes to the suspicion that Abigail may be a witch and says that past his house the road passes and goes to Salem, were people are mumbling about Witchcraft. Abigail then goes on to say that her uncle caught her the previous night. While she was dancing and singing in the woods. The reason could be because she wants Proctors suspicion in to thinking that she is witch to increase. Procter smiles He is happy and says that shell be clapped in the stocks before shes twenty. He could be happy in the sense that, if Abigail is executed, then he and his wife can live happily. And, that his wife can live without the fear of Abigails presence. At this moment Procter has enough and wants to walk away, but she walks in the way and interrupts, she wants John to give her a word, a soft word, Abigail at his moment is becomes desirable and stops Johns smile. He knows what Abigails is getting to and tries to make a quick escape. He replies, NO, no, thats done with. He trying to make it clear to Abigail that the relationship is over, but lacks the courage to do so. Abigail, still not giving up, asks Procter what the real reason is behind him coming to the village. He laughs because she is positive that the only reason Proctor has come to the town, is due to Abigail. Proctor realises that the more that he talks to her, the more hell be interested in reforming his relationship with Abigail, and therefore moves her out of his path. He says with final emphasis to Put it out of mind As John begins to ignore her, Abigail becomes more desperate. She says, John-I-am waitinfor you every night. John again trying to end the conversation with Abigail says that she shouldnt keep any hope that their relationship is going to start again. Abigail then becomes angry. She becomes angry due to the fact that John is no longer interested. The Nine Tailors EssayThe argument gets to the point, that Johns says, your justice would freeze beer! He obviously means that she is very cold and judges nobody fairly. At this moment the housemaid, Marry Warren, interrupts John. He so enraged, that he takes all of his and Elizabeths anger out Mary. He shakes her furiously. Act 4 As Elizabeth and John meet, the earlier Tension between them begins to disappear. John and Elizabeth begin to talk, John asks Elizabeth questions about their children, both individuals are unhappy, miserable and reluctant to talk. Elizabeth then starts to end to enquire about the witch trials. Elizabeth tells, John about the incident with Giles, where he was press to death. This leads John, to think out confessing to witchcraft. He asks Elizabeth if that would impress her. John is clearly still wanting to gain Elizabeths trust and is willing to sacrifice his life. This still wont gain Elizabeths trust, John asks, what would you have me do? Elizabeth still wants John to live, but is still wants to be assured that the relationship between him and Abigail is over and this discussion leads her in to further confusion. From this we learn that John is willing to give his life just for his wifes trust. John then questions about Giles wife, asking if she has confessed. John then pleads his honesty with his wife; he becomes aggressive as well saying the whole the thing is all ridiculas. He says, It is hard to give a lie to dogs trying to break the ice between the two. He then again asks Elizabeth for her apology. Elizabeth, like always, declines it!Elizabeth then begins to give John her point of view. He says the John should ask for forgiveness from his soul before he asks her for forgiveness. John is still unsure and is now deeply hurt from what Elizabeth has to say. While John and Elizabeth are in deep sorrow, Harthone approaches and ask whether John is ready to confess. Harthone is very happy. Harthone moves away. Elizabeth is in tears, John asks him that why is she in tears; he is implying that she should be happy that John is going to die. At this moment John is fed up, angry and deeply hurt. He begins move around questioning himself that who is going to judge him, if Elizabeth isnt.He then begins to think whether good is evil and is still extremely hurt. At this moment Damforth enters with his companions. The judges want Johns confession to be written on the church wall, this amazes John. John confesses to have seen the devil. The judges write down Johns confession, and all that John has to is sign it. The Danforth wants John to sign another paper, John refuses, each time he is asked, his anger rises each time. John and Danforth begin to argue, to why John should sign the paper say Procter broke his knees and wept like a woman, say what you will from this two points are clearly obvious. One that he doesnt not want to sign the document and the other that he is just wants to get on with the execution. This could be due to the fact that Elizabeth isnt forgiving him. John still does not want to confess and creating a lot tension between himself and the judges. John then confesses to have lied and have sold his soul. Danforth then refuses to accept the confession. He threatens to give John the rope unless he gives the correct confession. The judges are outraged. John breaks in to tears. He say, Not weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs. John makes a valid point that put the rest of the people to shame.